高级英语写作500句（9）

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81. Since the days of the Vikings, when they farmed while men marauded, Norwegian women have played a big role in their community’s economy. So it was fitting that, ten years ago, Norway pioneered a policy to deal with a stubborn gender gap: the dearth of women directors on company boards.

【译】维京人时代，女人耕种，男人打猎。自从那时起，挪威女性就一直在她们的社区经济中发挥着重要作用。所以，10年前挪威就率先倡导解决公司董事会女性领导者缺乏这一严重性别差异，这是很合适的。

【注】如何应对性别歧视。有用表达：It is fitting that … …很合适；pioneer a policy 率先倡导一个政策；a stubborn gender gap 顽固不化的性别歧视，stubborn一词的用法很地道。

82. Fathers should be encouraged to take parental leave, so that child-bearing does not harm a mother’s chance of making it to the top. Variable working hours should become the norm. High-quality child care, and more accommodating school calendars, would help.

【译】我们应该鼓励男性休产假，这样怀孕就不会妨碍女性的职业晋升。公司应该设定灵活的工作时间。高质量的儿童照管和方便的校历也会很有帮助。

【注】应对性别歧视的策略。

83. Time may yet prove that boardroom quotas are good for the business as a whole. So far, they have been a sideshow. The more important task is to make it easier for more women lower down the company to keep good jobs and fight their way to the top on their own merits.

【译】时间或许还未能证明董事会中固定数量的女性会对商业整体有益。迄今为止，配额是次要的。更重要的任务是使得更多女性更容易在公司基层保持好的工作并能够一路轻松地靠自身能力晋升到公司高层。

【注】应对性别歧视的策略。有用表达：fight their way to the top on their own merits靠自身能力晋升到公司高层。

84. Handing complicated tasks to computers is not new. But a recent spurt of progress in machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has enabled computers to tackle many problems which were previously beyond them.

【译】把复杂的任务交给计算机完成不是什么新鲜事。但是，最近一波机器学习的进步，即：人工智能的一个分支，使得计算机能够处理一些它们之前无能为力的问题。

【注】人工智能的进步。有用表达：complicated tasks复杂的工作；tackle problems 处理问题。

85. In response to the flaws in humans, society has evolved a series of workable coping mechanism, called laws, rules and regulations. With a little tinkering, many of these can be applied to machines as well.

【译】为了应对人类的缺陷，社会进化出来一系列可行的应对机制，即：法律，条例和法规。稍加改动，其中的很多就适用于机器。

【注】如何应对人工智能。有用表达：evolve a series of workable coping mechanism 进化出来一系列可行的应对机制；be applied to 被应用于…。

86. AI is bound to suffer some trouble — how could it not? But it also promises extraordinary benefits and the difficulties it poses are not unprecedented. People should look to the data, as machines do. Regulators should start with a light touch and demand rapid fixes when things go wrong.

【译】人工智能注定要遭遇麻烦，这怎可能避免？但是，它也可能带来巨大的收益，且它所导致的问题并非前所未有。人们应该像机器那样，考虑改进数据。监管者应该灵巧的处理问题，并在出现故障时要求快速处理。

【注】如何应对人工智能。有用表达：be bound to 注定；a light touch 灵巧的处事能力；demand rapid fixes 要求快速处理。

87. Licenses make it harder to enter a profession. Not everyone can afford to pay a registration fee or take time to study for an exam before being allowed to pull pints or paint nails. The beneficiaries from such barriers to entry are incumbent workers, whose wages rise when competition chilled.

【译】（职业）资格证使人们很难进入某个行业。不是每个人在被准许倒酒、做美甲之前，都支付得起注册的费用，或有时间准备考试。职业资格证门槛的受益者就是现在已经从事这些行业的人：当竞争不那么激烈时，他们的工资会上涨。

【注】在美国，职业资格证让很多从业者止步。注意该句结尾的两个巧妙的搭配：wage — rise，competition — chill。

88. When licensing is inevitable, regulators should aim to promote competition as well as protect consumers. Licensing run amok not only poisons markets, it also poison sentiment towards markets that misfire.

【译】当职业资格证无法避免时，管理者应当促进竞争并保护消费者。职业证书的狂热不仅会毒害市场，还会让人们对不起作用的市场失望。

【注】职业资格证会产生的影响及应对措施。

89. It is everywhere, as visible as it is vilified. From car parts to crisp packets, plastic has suffuse the Earth, and beyond — in 1969 Neil Armstrong planted a nylon Stars and Stripes in the moon.

【译】塑料到处都是，随处可见，正如它常被恶意攻击的那样。从汽车零件到薯片包装，塑料布满整个地球，甚至不止如此 — 1969年，尼尔*阿姆斯特朗将一面尼龙的星条旗插在来月球上。

【注】塑料随处可见，典型的文章开头，引出相关话题，由概括抽象到具体细节，值得模仿学习。

90. More than 8 bn tonnes has been produced since the 1950s, enough to wrap the continents in clingfilm four times over. Only 9% was recycled; 60% was dumped , mostly in landfills, too often in the natural world. Untold tonnes end up as irretrievable ocean flotsam, which sunlight and salt fragment ocean microscopic pieces that attract toxins and many be gulped by creatures that become seafood.

【译】自从20世纪50年代，人们已经生产了80多亿吨塑料，足以将地球用保鲜膜包裹四层还有余。其中，只有9%的塑料被回收利用，60%被丢弃，大部分进入垃圾填埋场，很多被丢在大自然。数不清的塑料成为不可回收的海洋垃圾，经太阳和盐水的作用，变成微小的碎片，吸引毒素。而很多毒素又被那些日后成为海鲜的生物所吞食。

【注】巨量垃圾何去何从。有用表达：recylce v. 循环利用；dump v. 倾倒，丢弃；irretrievable ocean flotsam 不可回收的海洋废料；fragment ocean microscopic pieces 将海洋微小的碎片分化。

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