有了上一篇《.NET Core玩转机器学习》打基础,这一次我们以纽约出租车费的预测做为新的场景案例,来体验一下回归模型。
场景概述
我们的目标是预测纽约的出租车费,乍一看似乎仅仅取决于行程的距离和时长,然而纽约的出租车供应商对其他因素,如额外的乘客数、信用卡而不是现金支付等,会综合考虑而收取不同数额的费用。纽约市官方给出了一份样本数据。
确定策略
为了能够预测出租车费,我们选择通过机器学习建立一个回归模型。使用官方提供的真实数据进行拟合,在训练模型的过程中确定真正能影响出租车费的决定性特征。在获得模型后,对模型进行评估验证,如果偏差在接受的范围内,就以这个模型来对新的数据进行预测。
解决方案
创建项目
看过上一篇文章的读者,就比较轻车熟路了,推荐使用Visual Studio 2017创建一个.NET Core的控制台应用程序项目,命名为TaxiFarePrediction。使用NuGet包管理工具添加对Microsoft.ML的引用。
准备数据集
下载训练数据集taxi-fare-train.csv和验证数据集taxi-fare-test.csv,数据集的内容类似为:
vendor_id,rate_code,passenger_count,trip_time_in_secs,trip_distance,payment_type,fare_amount
VTS,1,1,1140,3.75,CRD,15.5
VTS,1,1,480,2.72,CRD,10.0
VTS,1,1,1680,7.8,CSH,26.5
VTS,1,1,600,4.73,CSH,14.5
VTS,1,1,600,2.18,CRD,9.5
...
对字段简单说明一下:
在项目中添加一个Data目录,将两份数据集复制到该目录下,对文件属性设置“复制到输出目录”。
定义数据类型和路径
首先声明相关的包引用。
using System;
using Microsoft.ML.Models;
using Microsoft.ML.Runtime;
using Microsoft.ML.Runtime.Api;
using Microsoft.ML.Trainers;
using Microsoft.ML.Transforms;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
在Main函数的上方定义一些使用到的常量。
conststringDataPath = @".\Data\taxi-fare-test.csv";conststringTestDataPath = @".\Data\taxi-fare-train.csv";conststringModelPath = @".\Models\Model.zip";conststringModelDirectory = @".\Models";
接下来定义一些使用到的数据类型,以及和数据集中每一行的位置对应关系。
public class TaxiTrip
{
[Column(ordinal: "0")]
public string vendor_id;
[Column(ordinal: "1")]
public string rate_code;
[Column(ordinal: "2")]
public float passenger_count;
[Column(ordinal: "3")]
public float trip_time_in_secs;
[Column(ordinal: "4")]
public float trip_distance;
[Column(ordinal: "5")]
public string payment_type;
[Column(ordinal: "6")]
public float fare_amount;
}
public class TaxiTripFarePrediction
{
[ColumnName("Score")]
public float fare_amount;
}
static class TestTrips
{
internal static readonly TaxiTrip Trip1 = new TaxiTrip
{
vendor_id = "VTS",
rate_code = "1",
passenger_count = 1,
trip_distance = 10.33f,
payment_type = "CSH",
fare_amount = 0 // predict it. actual = 29.5
};
}
创建处理过程
创建一个Train方法,定义对数据集的处理过程,随后声明一个模型接收训练后的结果,在返回前把模型保存到指定的位置,以便以后直接取出来使用不需要再重新训练。
public static async Task
> Train()
{
var pipeline = new LearningPipeline();
pipeline.Add(new TextLoader(DataPath, useHeader: true, separator: ","));
pipeline.Add(new ColumnCopier(("fare_amount", "Label")));
pipeline.Add(new CategoricalOneHotVectorizer("vendor_id",
"rate_code",
"payment_type"));
pipeline.Add(new ColumnConcatenator("Features",
"vendor_id",
"rate_code",
"passenger_count",
"trip_distance",
"payment_type"));
pipeline.Add(new FastTreeRegressor());
PredictionModel model = pipeline.Train();
if (!Directory.Exists(ModelDirectory))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(ModelDirectory);
}
await model.WriteAsync(ModelPath);
return model;
}
评估验证模型
创建一个Evaluate方法,对训练后的模型进行验证评估。
public static void Evaluate(PredictionModel model)
{
var testData = new TextLoader(TestDataPath, useHeader: true, separator: ",");
var evaluator = new RegressionEvaluator();
RegressionMetrics metrics = evaluator.Evaluate(model, testData);
// Rms should be around 2.795276
Console.WriteLine("Rms=" + metrics.Rms);
Console.WriteLine("RSquared = " + metrics.RSquared);
}
预测新数据
定义一个被用于预测的新数据,对于各个特征进行恰当地赋值。
static class TestTrips
{
internal static readonly TaxiTrip Trip1 = new TaxiTrip
{
vendor_id = "VTS",
rate_code = "1",
passenger_count = 1,
trip_distance = 10.33f,
payment_type = "CSH",
fare_amount = 0 // predict it. actual = 29.5
};
}
预测的方法很简单,prediction即预测的结果,从中打印出预测的费用和真实费用。
varprediction = model.Predict(TestTrips.Trip1);Console.WriteLine("Predicted fare: , actual fare: 29.5", prediction.fare_amount);
运行结果
到此我们完成了所有的步骤,关于这些代码的详细说明,可以参看《Tutorial: Use ML.NET to Predict New York Taxi Fares (Regression)》,只是要注意该文中的部分代码有误,由于使用到了C# 7.1的语法特性,本文的代码是经过了修正的。完整的代码如下:
using System;
using Microsoft.ML.Models;
using Microsoft.ML.Runtime;
using Microsoft.ML.Runtime.Api;
using Microsoft.ML.Trainers;
using Microsoft.ML.Transforms;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.ML;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
namespace TaxiFarePrediction
{
class Program
{
const string DataPath = @".\Data\taxi-fare-test.csv";
const string TestDataPath = @".\Data\taxi-fare-train.csv";
const string ModelPath = @".\Models\Model.zip";
const string ModelDirectory = @".\Models";
public class TaxiTrip
{
[Column(ordinal: "0")]
public string vendor_id;
[Column(ordinal: "1")]
public string rate_code;
[Column(ordinal: "2")]
public float passenger_count;
[Column(ordinal: "3")]
public float trip_time_in_secs;
[Column(ordinal: "4")]
public float trip_distance;
[Column(ordinal: "5")]
public string payment_type;
[Column(ordinal: "6")]
public float fare_amount;
}
public class TaxiTripFarePrediction
{
[ColumnName("Score")]
public float fare_amount;
}
static class TestTrips
{
internal static readonly TaxiTrip Trip1 = new TaxiTrip
{
vendor_id = "VTS",
rate_code = "1",
passenger_count = 1,
trip_distance = 10.33f,
payment_type = "CSH",
fare_amount = 0 // predict it. actual = 29.5
};
}
public static async Task
> Train()
{
var pipeline = new LearningPipeline();
pipeline.Add(new TextLoader(DataPath, useHeader: true, separator: ","));
pipeline.Add(new ColumnCopier(("fare_amount", "Label")));
pipeline.Add(new CategoricalOneHotVectorizer("vendor_id",
"rate_code",
"payment_type"));
pipeline.Add(new ColumnConcatenator("Features",
"vendor_id",
"rate_code",
"passenger_count",
"trip_distance",
"payment_type"));
pipeline.Add(new FastTreeRegressor());
PredictionModel model = pipeline.Train();
if (!Directory.Exists(ModelDirectory))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(ModelDirectory);
}
await model.WriteAsync(ModelPath);
return model;
}
public static void Evaluate(PredictionModel model)
{
var testData = new TextLoader(TestDataPath, useHeader: true, separator: ",");
var evaluator = new RegressionEvaluator();
RegressionMetrics metrics = evaluator.Evaluate(model, testData);
// Rms should be around 2.795276
Console.WriteLine("Rms=" + metrics.Rms);
Console.WriteLine("RSquared = " + metrics.RSquared);
}
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
PredictionModel model = await Train();
Evaluate(model);
var prediction = model.Predict(TestTrips.Trip1);
Console.WriteLine("Predicted fare: , actual fare: 29.5", prediction.fare_amount);
}
}
}
不知不觉我们的ML.NET之旅又向前进了一步,是不是对于使用.NET Core进行机器学习解决现实生活中的问题更有兴趣了?请保持关注吧。
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/BeanHsiang/p/9017618.html
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