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社区首页 >专栏 >Oracle数据库工程师手记：备份恢复双城记(一)

Oracle数据库工程师手记：备份恢复双城记(一)

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SQLplusDB
发布于 2022-08-19 20:58:39
发布于 2022-08-19 20:58:39
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文章被收录于专栏：Oracle数据库技术Oracle数据库技术
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编者按：

本文作者系大连健哥、 POSTGRESQL、ORACLE 数据库资深从业人员、IT 技术的深度爱好者。相信科学改变人类、技术创造未来。个人主页：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/，经其本人授权发布。

【免责声明】本号文章仅代表个人观点，与任何公司无关。

有的时候，客户会有这样一种需求：他需要把数据库整体移行(移植)到另外一个硬件服务器上，但是，客户希望，尽可能地减少对 数据库用户的影响，当新数据库启用之前，客户希望他的数据库用户仍然能够访问数据库。

其实，最适合的方法，就是建立 Data Guard 了，无论原来的数据库有什么变更，都可以通过 redo 数据， 同步到新的数据库上。但是有的用户，对 Data Guard 的构筑过程不够熟悉，担心出现各种问题，那么就需要找到一些别的方法。

有的客户，会期待用自己所熟悉的备份、恢复的方法，在两个数据库服务器硬件之间进行腾挪，实现利用全备份+ 增分备份的方式，实现最小化停机时间，来完成迁移。想象一下，普通的备份恢复是什么样子，比如：

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rman>run{
       restore database;<br>       recover database;
}

然而，我现在需要的，却是这么一种方式：

在 dest 数据库，用第一次的备份，进行 restore。

继续在 source 数据库 和 dest 数据库直接，不断传递备份文件。

用第二次的备份，进行 recover，

用第三次的备份，再进行 recover，

......

用最后一次的备份，进行 recover,

用最新的 archive log ，进行 recover。

那么，在dest 端，从 rman 执行的就是类似这样的命令：

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rman>restore database;
rman>recover database;
rman>recover database;

能否可以实现呢，我把步骤细化一番，进行试验。在真正开始用在两个服务器之间进行腾挪之前，我先用一台机器模拟一下。我的设想是这样的：

首先，进行 level 0 的备份。紧接着，进行控制文件的备份。

然后，对数据库进行一些操作，然后，执行 level 1 增分备份。

然后，切换日志。

然后，对数据库进行一些操作，然后，再执行一轮 level 1 增分备份。

然后，切换日志。

然后，对数据库进行一些操作，然后，再执行一轮 level 1 增分备份。

然后，切换日志。

至此，备份完成。

然后，开始进行恢复测试，删除数据库的数据文件、online redo，并且把 archive log 挪走。

statup nomount 启动，恢复前面的 控制文件 (restore controlfile)，将数据库设置为 mount 状态。

执行 restore database;

由于控制文件是比较陈旧的，所以，它没有上面三次 level 1 的增分备份的信息，

所以，

a)我用 catalog 命令，依次进行：catalog start with '增分备份所在的目录';

b)紧接着执行 recover database;

重复上述 a) b) 三次。

然后，还缺少最后的 archive log, 我再注册 archive log，然后执行最后一次的 recover database;

最后，执行 alter database open resetlogs;

具体的过程是这样的：

第一次，执行 level 0 备份：

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RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format '/refresh/home/bak00/%U';
RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/refresh/home/bak00/control.bks';

得到的备份信息：

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RMAN> list backup;
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
9       Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:08:09
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070808
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/control.bks
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991848       Ckp time: 20210403_07:08:08
 
RMAN>

注意这里得到的 level 0 增分备份的 checkpoint time: 20210403_07:07:18。

然后执行更新操作：

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SQL> create table tab001 as select * from dba_objects;

这时，进行 level 1 增分备份(第一回)：

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RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format '/refresh/home/bak01/%U';

然后，执行日志切换（这里是为了查看后来的恢复操作时需要哪些 archive log）(第一回):

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SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

此时，得到的备份信息和 archive log 信息如下：

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RMAN> list backup;
 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
9       Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:08:09
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070808
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/control.bks
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991848       Ckp time: 20210403_07:08:08
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
10      Incr 1  9.84M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:09:37
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
11      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:09:39
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991965       Ckp time: 20210403_07:09:37
 
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
3       1    1       A 20210403_06:50:09
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
 
4       1    2       A 20210403_07:10:22
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
 
 
RMAN>

接下来，再进行第二次的 level 1 的增分备份：

对数据库进行一些变更（第二回）：

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SQL> create table tab002 as select * from dba_objects;

执行level 1 增分备份（第二回）：

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RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format '/refresh/home/bak02/%U';

再次日志切换（第二回）：

代码语言：javascript
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SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

查看备份信息和 archive log 信息：

代码语言：javascript
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复制
RMAN> list backup;
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
9       Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:08:09
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070808
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/control.bks
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991848       Ckp time: 20210403_07:08:08
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
10      Incr 1  9.84M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:09:37
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
11      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:09:39
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991965       Ckp time: 20210403_07:09:37
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
12      Incr 1  9.93M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:12:57
        BP Key: 12   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071257
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 12
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
13      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:12:59
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071257
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0cvrbkfq_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 992145       Ckp time: 20210403_07:12:57
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
3       1    1       A 20210403_06:50:09
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
 
4       1    2       A 20210403_07:10:22
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
 
5       1    3       A 20210403_07:10:28
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
 
6       1    4       A 20210403_07:13:37
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
 
RMAN>

再来一回(第三回)：

数据库变更（第三回）：

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SQL> create table tab003 as select * from dba_objects;

level 1 增分备份（第三回）：

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RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format '/refresh/home/bak03/%U';

日志切换(第三回)：

代码语言：javascript
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SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

再次查看备份信息和 archive log 信息：

代码语言：javascript
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RMAN> list backup;
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
9       Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:08:09
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070808
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/control.bks
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991848       Ckp time: 20210403_07:08:08
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
10      Incr 1  9.84M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:09:37
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 10
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
11      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:09:39
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991965       Ckp time: 20210403_07:09:37
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
12      Incr 1  9.93M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:12:57
        BP Key: 12   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071257
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 12
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 992145     20210403_07:12:57 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
13      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:12:59
        BP Key: 13   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071257
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0cvrbkfq_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 992145       Ckp time: 20210403_07:12:57
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
14      Incr 1  9.82M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:15:56
        BP Key: 14   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071555
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0dvrbklc_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 14
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 992322     20210403_07:15:56 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 992322     20210403_07:15:56 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 992322     20210403_07:15:56 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 992322     20210403_07:15:56 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
15      Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:15:58
        BP Key: 15   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T071555
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0evrbkld_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 992323       Ckp time: 20210403_07:15:57
 
RMAN>
 
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
3       1    1       A 20210403_06:50:09
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
 
4       1    2       A 20210403_07:10:22
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
 
5       1    3       A 20210403_07:10:28
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
 
6       1    4       A 20210403_07:13:37
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
 
7       1    5       A 20210403_07:13:41
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf
 
8       1    6       A 20210403_07:16:41
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf
 
RMAN>

再作一点变更吧，并且把 online redo 切换出来，再记录一下 datafile 和 online redo 的位置，然后停机。

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SQL> create table tab004 as select * from dba_objects;
 
Table created.
 
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
 
System altered.
 
SQL> select * from v$log;
 
    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE    MEMBERS ARC
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---
STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
         1          1          7   52428800        512          1 YES
ACTIVE                  992359 03-APR-21       992471 03-APR-21
 
         2          1          8   52428800        512          1 NO
CURRENT                 992471 03-APR-21   2.8147E+14
 
         3          1          6   52428800        512          1 YES
INACTIVE                992355 03-APR-21       992359 03-APR-21
 
 
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
 
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/redo03.log
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/redo02.log
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/redo01.log
 
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
SQL>
 
SQL> shutdown immediate;

好了，现在我可以开始进行恢复的试验了：

把数据文件和online redo 统统挪走：

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-bash-4.1$ pwd
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204
-bash-4.1$ ls -lrt
total 1520276
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle  20979712 Apr  3 06:50 temp01.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle  52429312 Apr  3 07:16 redo03.log
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle  52429312 Apr  3 07:17 redo01.log
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle  52429312 Apr  3 07:20 redo02.log
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 817897472 Apr  3 07:20 system01.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle  31465472 Apr  3 07:20 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 524296192 Apr  3 07:20 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle   5251072 Apr  3 07:20 users01.dbf
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle   9748480 Apr  3 07:20 control02.ctl
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle   9748480 Apr  3 07:20 control01.ctl
-bash-4.1$ cd ..
-bash-4.1$ mv orcl11204 orcl11204.bak
-bash-4.1$ mkdir orcl11204

再把 archive log 挪走：

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-bash-4.1$ mkdir -p /refresh/home/arc
-bash-4.1$ mv  /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arc* /refresh/home/arc
-bash-4.1$ ls -lrt /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs
total 9544
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oracle    2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oracle      24 Aug 24  2017 lkORCL1120
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oracle    1536 Aug 24  2017 orapworcl11204
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oracle      24 Aug 24  2017 lkORCL11204
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oracle    3584 Apr  3 06:50 spfileorcl11204.ora
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle 9748480 Apr  3 07:15 snapcf_orcl11204.f
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oracle    1544 Apr  3 07:20 hc_orcl11204.dat

下面，nomount 模式启动，然后恢复出旧的控制文件，这是为了模拟将来在新机器上只有旧的控制文件的操作。

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-bash-4.1$ rman target /
 
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Apr 3 07:22:59 2021
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
 
connected to target database (not started)
 
RMAN> startup nomount;
 
 
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/refresh/home/bak00/control.bks';
 
Starting restore at 20210403_07:25:03
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control01.ctl
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 20210403_07:25:04
 
RMAN> alter database mount;
 
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
 
RMAN>

可以看到，因为控制文件的信息比较陈旧，它只有第一次level 0 备份的信息：

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RMAN> list backup;
 
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
 
RMAN>

执行 restore 操作：

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RMAN> restore database;
 
Starting restore at 20210403_07:26:13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
 
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1 tag=TAG20210403T070718
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 20210403_07:26:21
 
RMAN>

然后，我开始把第一回的 level 1 增分备份信息注册回来，执行 recover database：

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RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak01';
 
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak01
 
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/control.bks
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
 
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
 
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/control.bks
File Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1

可以看到，备份的信息增加了：

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RMAN> list backup;
 
List of Backup Sets
===================
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
8       Incr 0  9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     20210403_07:07:34
        BP Key: 8   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/07vrbk5l_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991827       Ckp time: 20210403_07:07:33
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
9       Incr 1  9.36M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:09:38
        BP Key: 9   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/0avrbk9i_1_1
  SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_06:50:46
  SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 991965       Ckp time: 20210403_07:09:37
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
10      Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_06:29:06
        BP Key: 10   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T062906
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/control.bks
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 989812       Ckp time: 20210403_06:29:06
 
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
11      Incr 1  9.84M      DISK        00:00:00     20210403_07:09:37
        BP Key: 11   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070936
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 11
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    1  Incr 991965     20210403_07:09:37 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
 
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
 
RMAN>

那么，我可以进行第一次的 recover database 的操作了:

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RMAN> recover database;
 
Starting recover at 20210403_07:27:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak01/09vrbk9h_1_1 tag=TAG20210403T070936
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
 
starting media recovery
 
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/03/2021 07:27:23
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 991848
 
RMAN>

出 warnnig 其实很正常，因为只要不是指定 set until time/scn/archive log， Oracle 肯定要往下一直找 archive log的。

recover database 的执行过程，确实用到了第一回 level 1 增分备份的备份集合：09vrbk9h_1_1。

但是注意看我的 level 0 的备份信息的 Ckp Time：

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BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
7       Incr 0  1.00G      DISK        00:00:13     20210403_07:07:31
        BP Key: 7   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20210403T070718
        Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak00/06vrbk56_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 7
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time          Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
  1    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
  2    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
  3    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
  4    0  Incr 991822     20210403_07:07:18 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf

Level 0 备份当时的 log 显示：

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channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20210403_07:07:18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20210403_07:07:33

可以近似地认为，Level 0 备份，包含了 07:07:18开始，截止至 07：07：33 的内容。

而 archive log 的信息显示：

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Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
3       1    1       A 20210403_06:50:09
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
 
4       1    2       A 20210403_07:10:22
        Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf

thread 1 with sequence 1 的 archive log，它包含的变更内容的时间范围涵盖 06:50:09 -- 07:10:22。

我执行了 level 1 的增分备份所对应的那一部分 recover databse，然而 rman 似乎只记得 第一次 level 0 增分时的状况，它在向我要求：thread 1 with sequence 1 的 archive log ！换句话说，数据库无视了已经利用Level 1 增分备份的执行成功的状况，它仍然在寻找用从 Level 0 备份执行 restore database 之后的 SCN 来计算的内容。

为了看得更清楚一些，再把第二回 level 1 增分备份注册，然后执行 restore database：

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RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak02';
 
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak02
 
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0cvrbkfq_1_1
 
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
 
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak02/0cvrbkfq_1_1
 
RMAN> recover database;
 
Starting recover at 20210403_07:28:26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak02/0bvrbkfp_1_1 tag=TAG20210403T071257
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
 
starting media recovery
 
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/03/2021 07:28:28
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 991848
 
RMAN>

仍然没有变化，还在要 archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 ！

再把第三回的 level 1 增分备份注册上来：

代码语言：javascript
代码运行次数：0
复制
RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak03';
 
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak03
 
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0evrbkld_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0dvrbklc_1_1
 
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
 
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0evrbkld_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak03/0dvrbklc_1_1
 
RMAN> recover database;
 
Starting recover at 20210403_07:30:19
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak03/0dvrbklc_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak03/0dvrbklc_1_1 tag=TAG20210403T071555
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
 
starting media recovery
 
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/03/2021 07:30:20
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 991848
 
RMAN>

结果仍然没有改变。通过 SQL ，看看 vdatafile，和 vdataile_header，可以看出问题来：

代码语言：javascript
代码运行次数：0
复制
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmdd_hh24:mi:ss';
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,checkpoint_time from v$datafile;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME
---------- ------------------ -----------------
         1             991822 20210403_07:07:18 ***
         2             991822 20210403_07:07:18 ***
         3             991822 20210403_07:07:18 ***
         4             991822 20210403_07:07:18 ***
 
SQL>
 
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,checkpoint_time from v$datafile_header;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME
---------- ------------------ -----------------
         1             992322 20210403_07:15:56
         2             992322 20210403_07:15:56
         3             992322 20210403_07:15:56
         4             992322 20210403_07:15:56
 
SQL>

vdatafile 反映的是 controlfile 中的结果，而 vdatafile_header 反映的是数据文件中的实际情况。虽然，我每一次的 recover database 都改变了 datafile，但是由于我已经执行过了 restore database，数据库就以执行 restore database 时，它的控制文件中记录的内容，来决定要哪些 archive log。没办法了，只好注册所有的 archive log， 再次执行 recover database。

代码语言：javascript
代码运行次数：0
复制
RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/arc';
 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/arc
 
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_7_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf
 
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
 
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_7_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf
 
RMAN> list archivelog all;
 
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
 
Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
8       1    1       A 20210403_06:50:09
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
 
3       1    2       A 20210403_07:10:22
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
 
7       1    3       A 20210403_07:10:28
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
 
6       1    4       A 20210403_07:13:37
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
 
5       1    5       A 20210403_07:13:41
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf
 
9       1    6       A 20210403_07:16:41
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf
 
4       1    7       A 20210403_07:16:46
        Name: /refresh/home/arc/arch1_7_1068879009.dbf
 
 
RMAN> recover database;
 
Starting recover at 20210403_07:37:40
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
 
starting media recovery
 
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 5 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 6 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/arc/arch1_7_1068879009.dbf
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_1_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=1
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_2_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=2
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_3_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=3
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_4_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=4
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_5_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=5
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_6_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=6
archived log file name=/refresh/home/arc/arch1_7_1068879009.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/03/2021 07:37:41
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 8 and starting SCN of 992471
 
RMAN>
 
 
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
 
database opened
 
RMAN>
 
 
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyymmdd_hh24:mi:ss';
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,checkpoint_time from v$datafile;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME
---------- ------------------ -----------------
         1             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         2             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         3             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         4             992475 20210403_07:38:25
 
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change#,checkpoint_time from v$datafile_header;
 
     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME
---------- ------------------ -----------------
         1             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         2             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         3             992475 20210403_07:38:25
         4             992475 20210403_07:38:25
 
SQL>

我真的失败了吗？其实也没有，只要我保留最新的控制文件，再来多次执行 recover database， 不就可以成功了吗？换句话说，在两个机器之间，我执行最后一次 recover 之前，我把 source 端的控制文件备份出来，恢复到 dest 端，由于它包含了全部的备份新，我再执行 recover ，应该可以成功的。

请拭目以待我的下一次两个机器之间的备份恢复试验。

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原始发表：2021-04-26，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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