2、wxWidgets介绍–菜单栏、状态栏、图标简介

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发布于 2022-09-06 05:53:53

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大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

wxWidgets

wxWidgets是一个用来编写C++程序的GUI（图形用户界面）工具包。它是一个开源的、成熟的、跨平台的工具包。wxWidgets应用程序能在所有主流的操作系统上运行，Windows，Unix，Mac。这个项目由Julian Smart在1992年启动。wxWidgets提供各种各样的C++类来处理数据流、数据库、多线程、在线帮助、应用程序设置。wxWidgets由大量的窗口小部件组成。

接下来我们一步步的完成一个Hello World的窗口程序：

首先，搭建一个非常简单的框架：

 1 #include <wx/wx.h>
 2 
 3 class MyFrame : public wxFrame
 4 {
 5 public:
 6     MyFrame(const wxString& title): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title) {}
 7 
 8 };
 9 
10 class MyApp : public wxApp
11 {
12 public:
13     virtual bool OnInit()
14     {
15         MyFrame * pframe = new MyFrame(wxT("Hello World"));
16         pframe->Show(true);
17         return true;
18     }
19 
20 };
21 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)

执行结果：

特点：

没有main()函数，实际上是包含在wxWidgets框架中看不到。
一个应用程序类App，一个框架类Frame。
Frame在App的OnInit()函数中实例化。注意：这里Frame没有销毁，可能会内存泄露(通常这么处理也不会有太大问题，因为窗口关闭时，OS会收回所有资源)。

然后给窗口添加状态栏

 1 #include <wx/wx.h>
 2 
 3 //框架类wxFrame
 4 class MyFrame : public wxFrame
 5 {
 6 public:
 7     MyFrame(const wxString& title): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title)
 8     {
 9         //添加状态栏
10         CreateStatusBar();
11         //将状态栏分为两栏
12         //CreateStatusBar(2);
13         SetStatusText(wxT("Welcome to wxWidgets!"));
14     }
15 
16 };
17 
18 //应用程序类APP
19 class MyApp : public wxApp
20 {
21 public:
22     //Frame的实例化
23     virtual bool OnInit()
24     {
25         MyFrame * pframe = new MyFrame(wxT("Hello World"));
26         pframe->Show(true);
27         return true;
28     }
29 
30 };
31 //声明应用程序
32 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)

添加菜单

 1 #include <wx/wx.h>
 2 
 3 //框架类wxFrame
 4 class MyFrame : public wxFrame
 5 {
 6 public:
 7     MyFrame(const wxString& title): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title)
 8     {
 9         //定义菜单
10         wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
11         menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT, wxT("Exit ... \tAlt+X"), wxT("Quit this program"));
12 
13         wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
14         menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABORT, wxT("&About ... \tF1"), wxT("Show about frame"));
15 
16         //定义菜单栏
17         wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
18         
19         //向菜单栏添加菜单
20         menuBar->Append(menuFile, wxT("&File"));
21         menuBar->Append(menuHelp, wxT("&Help"));
22         
23         //将菜单栏添加到wxFrame中
24         SetMenuBar(menuBar);
25 
26         //添加状态栏
27         CreateStatusBar();
28         //将状态栏分为两栏
29         //CreateStatusBar(2);
30         SetStatusText(wxT("Welcome to wxWidgets!"));
31     }
32 
33 };
34 
35 //应用程序类APP
36 class MyApp : public wxApp
37 {
38 public:
39     //Frame的实例化
40     virtual bool OnInit()
41     {
42         MyFrame * pframe = new MyFrame(wxT("Hello World"));
43         pframe->Show(true);
44         return true;
45     }
46 
47 };
48 //声明应用程序
49 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)

添加菜单事件、添加应用显示图标

 1 #include <wx/wx.h>
 2 #include "icon.xpm"
 3 
 4 //框架类wxFrame
 5 class MyFrame : public wxFrame
 6 {
 7 public:
 8     MyFrame(const wxString& title): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title)
 9     {
10         //定义菜单
11         wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
12         menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT, wxT("Exit ... \tAlt+X"), wxT("Quit this program"));
13 
14         wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
15         menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABOUT, wxT("&About ... \tF1"), wxT("Show about frame"));
16 
17         //定义菜单栏
18         wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
19 
20         //向菜单栏添加菜单
21         menuBar->Append(menuFile, wxT("&File"));
22         menuBar->Append(menuHelp, wxT("&Help"));
23 
24         //将菜单栏添加到wxFrame中
25         SetMenuBar(menuBar);
26 
27         //添加状态栏
28         CreateStatusBar();
29         //将状态栏分为两栏
30         //CreateStatusBar(2);
31         SetStatusText(wxT("Welcome to wxWidgets!"));
32 
33         //设置应用显示图标
34         SetIcon(wxIcon(icon_xpm));
35 
36     }
37 
38     //定义事件处理函数
39     void OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& event);
40     void OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event);
41 private:
42     //声明事件表
43     DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
44 };
45 
46 //应用程序类APP
47 class MyApp : public wxApp
48 {
49 public:
50     //Frame的实例化
51     virtual bool OnInit()
52     {
53         MyFrame * pframe = new MyFrame(wxT("Hello World"));
54         pframe->Show(true);
55         return true;
56     }
57 
58 };
59 //声明应用程序
60 IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
61 
62 //定义事件表，完成事件和处理函数的映射
63 BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
64     EVT_MENU(wxID_ABOUT, MyFrame::OnAbout)
65     EVT_MENU(wxID_EXIT, MyFrame::OnQuit)
66 END_EVENT_TABLE()
67 
68 //事件处理函数的实现
69 void MyFrame::OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event)
70 {
71     wxString msg;
72     msg.Printf(wxT("About hello wxWidgets"), wxVERSION_STRING);
73 
74     wxMessageBox(msg, wxT("About wxWidgets"), wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION, this);
75 }
76 
77 void MyFrame::OnQuit(wxCommandEvent& event)
78 {
79     Close();
80 }

icon.xpm

 1 /* XPM */
 2 static const char * icon_xpm[] = {
 3 /* columns rows colors chars-per-pixel */
 4 "32 32 6 1",
 5 "  c black",
 6 ". c navy",
 7 "X c red",
 8 "o c yellow",
 9 "O c gray100",
10 "+ c None",
11 /* pixels */
12 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
13 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
14 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
15 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
16 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
17 "++++++++              ++++++++++",
18 "++++++++ ............ ++++++++++",
19 "++++++++ ............ ++++++++++",
20 "++++++++ .OO......... ++++++++++",
21 "++++++++ .OO......... ++++++++++",
22 "++++++++ .OO......... ++++++++++",
23 "++++++++ .OO......              ",
24 "++++++++ .OO...... oooooooooooo ",
25 "         .OO...... oooooooooooo ",
26 " XXXXXXX .OO...... oOOooooooooo ",
27 " XXXXXXX .OO...... oOOooooooooo ",
28 " XOOXXXX ......... oOOooooooooo ",
29 " XOOXXXX ......... oOOooooooooo ",
30 " XOOXXXX           oOOooooooooo ",
31 " XOOXXXXXXXXX ++++ oOOooooooooo ",
32 " XOOXXXXXXXXX ++++ oOOooooooooo ",
33 " XOOXXXXXXXXX ++++ oOOooooooooo ",
34 " XOOXXXXXXXXX ++++ oooooooooooo ",
35 " XOOXXXXXXXXX ++++ oooooooooooo ",
36 " XXXXXXXXXXXX ++++              ",
37 " XXXXXXXXXXXX ++++++++++++++++++",
38 "              ++++++++++++++++++",
39 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
40 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
41 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
42 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++",
43 "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
44 };