如何获取需要认证的网页内容？我已经尝试过file_get_contents，fopen和cURL。它们都不起作用

$username = 'your_username';
$password = 'your_password';
$url = 'http://example.com/protected_page';

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_BASIC);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$username:$password");

$response = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

echo $response;

$username = 'your_username';
$password = 'your_password';
$url = 'http://example.com/protected_page';

$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_DIGEST);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "$username:$password");

$response = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

echo $response;

// 使用适当的OAuth库进行认证，例如 league/oauth2-client

$provider = new League\OAuth2\Client\Provider\GenericProvider([
    'clientId'                => 'your_client_id',
    'clientSecret'            => 'your_client_secret',
    'redirectUri'             => 'http://your-redirect-uri',
    'urlAuthorize'            => 'http://example.com/oauth2/authorize',
    'urlAccessToken'          => 'http://example.com/oauth2/token',
    'urlResourceOwnerDetails' => 'http://example.com/oauth2/resource'
]);

$accessToken = $provider->getAccessToken('client_credentials');

// 使用获取到的访问令牌发送请求并获取网页内容
$url = 'http://example.com/protected_page';
$options = [
    'headers' => [
        'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $accessToken->getToken()
    ]
];

$response = $provider->getHttpClient()->request('GET', $url, $options);
$content = $response->getBody()->getContents();

echo $content;