Kafka和zookeeper是在两种典型的有状态的集群服务。首先kafka和zookeeper都需要存储盘来保存有状态信息,其次kafka和zookeeper每一个实例都需要有对应的实例Id(Kafka需要broker.id,zookeeper需要my.id)来作为集群内部每个成员的标识,集群内节点之间进行内部通信时需要用到这些标识。
对于这类服务的部署,需要解决两个大的问题,一个是状态保存,另一个是集群管理(多服务实例管理)。kubernetes中提的StatefulSet(1.5版本之前称为Petset)方便了有状态集群服务在上的部署和管理。具体来说是通过Init Container来做集群的初始化工 作,用 Headless Service来维持集群成员的稳定关系,用Persistent Volume和Persistent Volume Claim提供网络存储来持久化数据,从而支持有状态集群服务的部署。
本文将尝试根据社区提供的StatefulSet方案,对kafka和zookeeper服务进行部署。具体的部署过程包括以下几个部署: (1) Persistent Volume 存储的创建
(2) StatefulSet(Petset)资源的创建
(3) headless服务的创建
PersistentVolume(PV)是集群之中的一块网络存储。跟 Node 一样,也是集群的资源,并且不属于特定的namespace。PV 跟 Volume (卷) 类似,不过会有独立于 Pod 的生命周期。
在有状态服务创建之前,需要先创建对应的PV存储。为了便于环境的搭建,本文PV存储的后端采用NFS。NFS服务的容器化部署,可以参考腾讯云容器服务帮助文档-搭建nfs服务器。
$ kubectl get service
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes 172.16.255.1 <none> 443/TCP 56m
nfsserver0 172.16.255.44 <none> 20048/TCP,111/TCP,2049/TCP 40m
nfsserver1 172.16.255.6 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 29m
nfsserver2 172.16.255.131 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 14m
nfsserver3 172.16.255.231 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 10m
nfsserver4 172.16.255.12 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 7m
nfsserver5 172.16.255.223 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 4m
基于NFS的PV创建示例如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv0001
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "anything"
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: /exports
server: 172.16.255.44
其中172.16.255.44
为对应的nfs服务的IP。对应创建多个PV,zookeeper服务和kafka服务各3个。
$ kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES RECLAIMPOLICY STATUS CLAIM REASON AGE
pv0001 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 5m
pv0002 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 5m
pv0003 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 5m
pv0004 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 2m
pv0005 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 2m
pv0006 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 2m
上面通过手动的方式创建了一个NFS Volume,这在管理很多Volume的时候很方便。kubernetes还提供了StorageClass来动态创建PV,可以大大节省了管理员的时间。作者在这里就不做对应的测试了。
StatefulSet是为了解决有状态服务的问题(对应Deployments和ReplicaSets是为无状态服务而设计),其应用场景包括
在创建好对应的PV后,需要创建对应的StatefulSet(Petset)资源。由于本文使用的kubernetes为1.4.6版本,所以示例中采用的名称仍然为Petset。具体的创建zookeeper的Statefulset(Petset)的示例如下:
# A headless service to create DNS records
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints: "true"
name: zk
labels:
app: zk
spec:
ports:
- port: 2888
name: peer
- port: 3888
name: leader-election
# *.zk.default.svc.cluster.local
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: zk
---
apiVersion: apps/v1alpha1
kind: PetSet
metadata:
name: zoo
spec:
serviceName: "zk"
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: zk
annotations:
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/initialized: "true"
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/init-containers: '[
{
"name": "install",
"image": "gcr.io/google_containers/zookeeper-install:0.1",
"imagePullPolicy": "Always",
"args": ["--version=3.5.0-alpha", "--install-into=/opt", "--work-dir=/work-dir"],
"volumeMounts": [
{
"name": "opt",
"mountPath": "/opt/"
},
{
"name": "workdir",
"mountPath": "/work-dir"
}
]
},
{
"name": "bootstrap",
"image": "java:openjdk-8-jre",
"command": ["/work-dir/peer-finder"],
"args": ["-on-start=\"/work-dir/on-start.sh\"", "-service=zk"],
"env": [
{
"name": "POD_NAMESPACE",
"valueFrom": {
"fieldRef": {
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldPath": "metadata.namespace"
}
}
}
],
"volumeMounts": [
{
"name": "opt",
"mountPath": "/opt/"
},
{
"name": "workdir",
"mountPath": "/work-dir"
},
{
"name": "datadir",
"mountPath": "/tmp/zookeeper"
}
]
}
]'
spec:
containers:
- name: zk
image: java:openjdk-8-jre
ports:
- containerPort: 2888
name: peer
- containerPort: 3888
name: leader-election
command:
- /opt/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh
args:
- start-foreground
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- sh
- -c
- "/opt/zookeeper/bin/zkCli.sh ls /"
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 5
volumeMounts:
- name: datadir
mountPath: /tmp/zookeeper
- name: opt
mountPath: /opt/
volumes:
- name: opt
emptyDir: {}
- name: workdir
emptyDir: {}
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: datadir
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 25Gi
描述文件中包括以下几个重要部分: (1) init-containers容器初始化环境信息和对应的配置文件信息
(2) zookeeper容器通过zkServer.sh启动
(3) 通过/opt/zookeeper/bin/zkCli.sh ls /进行健康检测
(4) volumeClaimTemplates声明对应的Persistent Volume Claim
(5) 创建对应的Headless Service
创建zookeeper服务
$ kubectl create -f zookeeper-petset.yaml
service "zk" created
petset "zoo" created
查看服务实例状态(从服务状态中可以看出,服务实例依次启动)
$ kubectl get po --watch-only
zoo-0 1/1 Running 0 1m
zoo-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s
zoo-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s
zoo-1 0/1 Init:0/2 0 0s
zoo-1 0/1 Init:0/2 0 6s
zoo-1 0/1 Init:1/2 0 25s
zoo-1 0/1 Init:1/2 0 26s
zoo-1 0/1 PodInitializing 0 29s
zoo-1 0/1 Running 0 30s
zoo-1 1/1 Running 0 51s
zoo-2 0/1 Pending 0 0s
zoo-2 0/1 Pending 0 0s
zoo-2 0/1 Init:0/2 0 0s
zoo-2 0/1 Init:0/2 0 6s
zoo-2 0/1 Init:1/2 0 33s
zoo-2 0/1 Init:1/2 0 34s
zoo-2 0/1 PodInitializing 0 37s
zoo-2 0/1 Running 0 38s
zoo-2 1/1 Running 0 1m
查看Persistent Volume Claim (PVC)信息
$ kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES AGE
datadir-zoo-0 Bound pv0004 50Gi RWO 10m
datadir-zoo-1 Bound pv0001 50Gi RWO 10m
datadir-zoo-2 Bound pv0003 50Gi RWO 10m
查看Persistent Volume (PV)信息
$ kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES RECLAIMPOLICY STATUS CLAIM REASON AGE
pv0001 50Gi RWO Recycle Bound default/datadir-zoo-1 14h
pv0002 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 14h
pv0003 50Gi RWO Recycle Bound default/datadir-zoo-2 14h
pv0004 50Gi RWO Recycle Bound default/datadir-zoo-0 14h
pv0005 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 14h
pv0006 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 14h
查看服务信息
$ kubectl get service zk
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
zk None <none> 2888/TCP,3888/TCP 24m
查看Pod的状态信息
$ kubectl get pod -l app=zk -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
zoo-0 1/1 Running 0 26m 172.16.0.5 10.0.0.33
zoo-1 1/1 Running 0 24m 172.16.2.4 10.0.0.40
zoo-2 1/1 Running 0 23m 172.16.0.6 10.0.0.33
查看dns中的域名信息
$ dig @172.16.0.3 zk.default.svc.cluster.local
;; ANSWER SECTION:
zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.0.5
zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.0.6
zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.2.4
$ dig @172.16.0.3 zoo-0.zk.default.svc.cluster.local
;; ANSWER SECTION:
zoo-0.zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.0.5
$ dig @172.16.0.3 zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local
;; ANSWER SECTION:
zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.2.4
$ dig @172.16.0.3 zoo-2.zk.default.svc.cluster.local
;; ANSWER SECTION:
zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 172.16.2.4
查看zookeeper配置信息
root@zoo-0:/opt/zookeeper/conf# cat zoo.cfg.dynamic
server.1=zoo-0.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2888:3888:participant;0.0.0.0:2181
server.2=zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2888:3888:participant;0.0.0.0:2181
server.3=zoo-2.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2888:3888:participant;0.0.0.0:2181
root@zoo-0:/tmp/zookeeper# cat myid
1
查看zookeeper集群状态
root@zoo-0:/opt/zookeeper/bin# ./zkCli.sh
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
在创建好zookeeper服务后,我们接下来创建kafka服务。kafka服务的创建过程和zookeeper服务类似。对应的示例文件如下:
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kafka-svc
labels:
app: kafka
spec:
ports:
- port: 9093
name: server
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: kafka
---
apiVersion: apps/v1alpha1
kind: PetSet
metadata:
name: kafka
spec:
serviceName: kafka-svc
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: kafka
annotations:
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/initialized: "true"
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
restartPolicy: Always
serviceAccount: ""
containers:
- name: k8skafka
imagePullPolicy: Always
image: gcr.io/google_samples/k8skafka:v1
resources:
requests:
memory: "1Gi"
cpu: 500m
ports:
- containerPort: 9093
name: server
command:
- sh
- -c
- "exec kafka-server-start.sh /opt/kafka/config/server.properties --override broker.id=${HOSTNAME##*-} \
--override listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9093 \
--override zookeeper.connect=zoo-0.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181,zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181,zoo-2.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181 \
--override log.dir=/var/lib/kafka \
--override auto.create.topics.enable=true \
--override auto.leader.rebalance.enable=true \
--override background.threads=10 \
--override compression.type=producer \
--override delete.topic.enable=false \
--override leader.imbalance.check.interval.seconds=300 \
--override leader.imbalance.per.broker.percentage=10 \
--override log.flush.interval.messages=9223372036854775807 \
--override log.flush.offset.checkpoint.interval.ms=60000 \
--override log.flush.scheduler.interval.ms=9223372036854775807 \
--override log.retention.bytes=-1 \
--override log.retention.hours=168 \
--override log.roll.hours=168 \
--override log.roll.jitter.hours=0 \
--override log.segment.bytes=1073741824 \
--override log.segment.delete.delay.ms=60000 \
--override message.max.bytes=1000012 \
--override min.insync.replicas=1 \
--override num.io.threads=8 \
--override num.network.threads=3 \
--override num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1 \
--override num.replica.fetchers=1 \
--override offset.metadata.max.bytes=4096 \
--override offsets.commit.required.acks=-1 \
--override offsets.commit.timeout.ms=5000 \
--override offsets.load.buffer.size=5242880 \
--override offsets.retention.check.interval.ms=600000 \
--override offsets.retention.minutes=1440 \
--override offsets.topic.compression.codec=0 \
--override offsets.topic.num.partitions=50 \
--override offsets.topic.replication.factor=3 \
--override offsets.topic.segment.bytes=104857600 \
--override queued.max.requests=500 \
--override quota.consumer.default=9223372036854775807 \
--override quota.producer.default=9223372036854775807 \
--override replica.fetch.min.bytes=1 \
--override replica.fetch.wait.max.ms=500 \
--override replica.high.watermark.checkpoint.interval.ms=5000 \
--override replica.lag.time.max.ms=10000 \
--override replica.socket.receive.buffer.bytes=65536 \
--override replica.socket.timeout.ms=30000 \
--override request.timeout.ms=30000 \
--override socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400 \
--override socket.request.max.bytes=104857600 \
--override socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400 \
--override unclean.leader.election.enable=true \
--override zookeeper.session.timeout.ms=6000 \
--override zookeeper.set.acl=false \
--override broker.id.generation.enable=true \
--override connections.max.idle.ms=600000 \
--override controlled.shutdown.enable=true \
--override controlled.shutdown.max.retries=3 \
--override controlled.shutdown.retry.backoff.ms=5000 \
--override controller.socket.timeout.ms=30000 \
--override default.replication.factor=1 \
--override fetch.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 \
--override group.max.session.timeout.ms=300000 \
--override group.min.session.timeout.ms=6000 \
--override inter.broker.protocol.version=0.10.2-IV0 \
--override log.cleaner.backoff.ms=15000 \
--override log.cleaner.dedupe.buffer.size=134217728 \
--override log.cleaner.delete.retention.ms=86400000 \
--override log.cleaner.enable=true \
--override log.cleaner.io.buffer.load.factor=0.9 \
--override log.cleaner.io.buffer.size=524288 \
--override log.cleaner.io.max.bytes.per.second=1.7976931348623157E308 \
--override log.cleaner.min.cleanable.ratio=0.5 \
--override log.cleaner.min.compaction.lag.ms=0 \
--override log.cleaner.threads=1 \
--override log.cleanup.policy=delete \
--override log.index.interval.bytes=4096 \
--override log.index.size.max.bytes=10485760 \
--override log.message.timestamp.difference.max.ms=9223372036854775807 \
--override log.message.timestamp.type=CreateTime \
--override log.preallocate=false \
--override log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000 \
--override max.connections.per.ip=2147483647 \
--override num.partitions=1 \
--override producer.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 \
--override replica.fetch.backoff.ms=1000 \
--override replica.fetch.max.bytes=1048576 \
--override replica.fetch.response.max.bytes=10485760 \
--override reserved.broker.max.id=1000 "
env:
- name: KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS
value : "-Xmx512M -Xms512M"
- name: KAFKA_OPTS
value: "-Dlogging.level=INFO"
volumeMounts:
- name: datadir
mountPath: /var/lib/kafka
readinessProbe:
exec:
command:
- sh
- -c
- "/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-broker-api-versions.sh --bootstrap-server=localhost:9093"
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: datadir
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 50Gi
创建kafka服务
$ kubectl create -f kafka-petset.yaml
service "kafka-svc" created
petset "kafka" created
查看Pod的状态信息
$ kubectl get pod -l app=kafka -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
kafka-0 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.0.7 10.0.0.33
kafka-1 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.2.5 10.0.0.40
kafka-2 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.1.5 10.0.0.45
其他信息的变化和zookeeper服务创建过程类似,限于篇幅关系,这里不再展示。
创建topic测试
root@kafka-0:/opt/kafka/config# kafka-topics.sh --create \
> --topic test \
> --zookeeper zoo-0.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181,zoo-1.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181,zoo-2.zk.default.svc.cluster.local:2181 \
> --partitions 3 \
> --replication-factor 2
Created topic "test".
创建生产消费测试
root@kafka-0:/opt/kafka/config# kafka-console-consumer.sh --topic test --bootstrap-server localhost:9093
root@kafka-1:/# kafka-console-producer.sh --topic test --broker-list localhost:9093
I like kafka
hello world
#在消费者侧显示为:
I like kafka
hello world
创建新的nfsserver和pv
# kubectl get service -l qcloud-app=nfsserver
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nfsserver 172.16.255.18 <none> 2049/TCP,20048/TCP,111/TCP 32m
# kubectl get pv pv0007
NAME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES RECLAIMPOLICY STATUS CLAIM REASON AGE
pv0007 50Gi RWO Recycle Available 14s
由于创建过程在前文已经描述过,这里不再进行详述创建过程。
kafka副本数修改
# kubectl scale petset kafka --replicas=4
petset "kafka" scaled
# kubectl get pod -l app=kafka -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
kafka-0 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.0.7 10.0.0.33
kafka-1 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.2.5 10.0.0.40
kafka-2 1/1 Running 0 1h 172.16.1.5 10.0.0.45
kafka-3 1/1 Running 0 1m 172.16.0.8 10.0.0.33
本文详细的介绍了基于Statefulset(PetSet)+Persistent Volume的方式,部署有状态的集群服务zookeeper和kafka。总体上看,基于Statefulset+PV的方式很好的解决了kafka和zookeeper服务需要存储盘来保存信息,同时每个实例需要特定的Id标记的问题。但目前PV的创建过程,以及Statefulset的启动过程,相对于来说还是比较复杂。另外基于StatefulSet(PetSet)的扩容和升级对于实例的变更顺序依然有比较大的依赖,kubernetes社区也在做进一步探索。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。
原创声明:本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表,未经许可,不得转载。
如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。