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爬取豆瓣电影信息

py3study

发布于 2020-01-20 08:43:21

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代码可运行

文章被收录于专栏：python3python3

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代码可运行

昨天写了一个小爬虫，爬取了豆瓣上2017年中国大陆的电影信息，网址为豆瓣选影视，爬取了电影的名称、导演、编剧、主演、类型、上映时间、片长、评分和链接，并保存到MongoDB中。

一开始用的本机的IP地址，没用代理IP，请求了十几个网页之后就收不到数据了，报HTTP错误302，然后用浏览器打开网页试了一下，发现浏览器也是302。。。

但是我不怕，我有代理IP，哈哈哈！详见我前一篇随笔：爬取代理IP。使用代理IP之后果然可以持续收到数据了，但中间还是有302错误，没事，用另一个代理IP请求重新请求一次就好了，一次不行再来一次，再来一次不行那就再再来一次，再再不行，那。。。

下面附上部分代码吧。

1.爬虫文件

import scrapy
import json
from douban.items import DoubanItem


parse_url = "https://movie.douban.com/j/new_search_subjects?sort=U&range=0,10&tags=%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1&start={}&countries=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86&year_range=2017,2017"


class Cn2017Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'cn2017'
    allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/j/new_search_subjects?sort=U&range=0,10&tags=%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1&start=0&countries=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86&year_range=2017,2017']


    def parse(self, response):
        data = json.loads(response.body.decode())
        if data is not None:
            for film in data["data"]:
                print(film["url"])
                item = DoubanItem()
                item["url"] = film["url"]
                yield scrapy.Request(
                    film["url"],
                    callback=self.get_detail_content,
                    meta={"item": item}
                )

        for page in range(20,3200,20):
            yield scrapy.Request(
                parse_url.format(page),
                callback=self.parse
            )


    def get_detail_content(self,response):
        item = response.meta["item"]
        item["film_name"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='content']//span[@property='v:itemreviewed']/text()").extract_first()
        item["director"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='info']/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()").extract_first()
        item["scriptwriter"] = response.xpath("///div[@id='info']/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()").extract()
        item["starring"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='info']/span[3]/span[2]/a[position()<6]/text()").extract()
        item["type"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='info']/span[@property='v:genre']/text()").extract()
        item["release_date"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='info']/span[@property='v:initialReleaseDate']/text()").extract()
        item["running_time"] = response.xpath("//div[@id='info']/span[@property='v:runtime']/@content").extract_first()
        item["score"] = response.xpath("//div[@class='rating_self clearfix']/strong/text()").extract_first()
        # print(item)
        if item["film_name"] is None:
            # print("*" * 100)
            yield scrapy.Request(
                item["url"],
                callback=self.get_detail_content,
                meta={"item": item},
                dont_filter=True
            )
        else:
            yield item

2.`items.py`文件

import scrapy


class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    #电影名称
    film_name = scrapy.Field()
    #导演
    director = scrapy.Field()
    #编剧
    scriptwriter = scrapy.Field()
    #主演
    starring = scrapy.Field()
    #类型
    type = scrapy.Field()
    #上映时间
    release_date = scrapy.Field()
    #片长
    running_time = scrapy.Field()
    #评分
    score = scrapy.Field()
    #链接
    url = scrapy.Field()

3.`middlewares.py`文件

from douban.settings import USER_AGENT_LIST
import random
import pandas as pd


class UserAgentMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        user_agent = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)
        request.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent
        return None


class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.
        ip_df = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\douban\douban\ip.csv")
        ip = random.choice(ip_df.loc[:, "ip"])
        request.meta["proxy"] = "http://" + ip
        return None

4.`pipelines.py`文件

from pymongo import MongoClient

client = MongoClient()
collection = client["test"]["douban"]

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        collection.insert(dict(item))

5.`settings.py`文件

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'douban.middlewares.UserAgentMiddleware': 543,
    'douban.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 544,
}

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 300,
}

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 10
RETRY_ENABLED = True
RETRY_TIMES = 10