ElasticSearch实战：Linux日志对接Kibana

java架构师

发布于 2019-02-27 08:37:29

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文章被收录于专栏：Java架构师进阶Java架构师进阶

ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索服务器。它提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎，基于RESTFul web接口。ElasticSearch是用Java开发的，并作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布，是当前流行的企业级搜索引擎。ElasticSearch常用于全文检索，结构化检索，数据分析等。

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下面，我们以ElasticSearch接管Linux日志（/var/log/xxx.log）为例，详细介绍如何进行配置与部署。

总体架构图

一，准备工作

1，CVM及ElasticSearch

在腾讯云帐号下，申请一台CVM（Linux操作系统）、一个ElasticSearch集群（后面简称ES），使用最简配置即可；申请的CVM和ES，必须在同一个VPC的同一个子网下。

CVM详情信息

ElasticSearch详情信息

2，Filebeat工具

为了将Linux日志提取到ES中，我们需要使用Filebeat工具。Filebeat是一个日志文件托运工具，在你的服务器上安装客户端后，Filebeat会监控日志目录或者指定的日志文件，追踪读取这些文件（追踪文件的变化，不停的读），并且转发这些信息到ElasticSearch或者logstarsh中存放。当你开启Filebeat程序的时候，它会启动一个或多个探测器（prospectors）去检测你指定的日志目录或文件，对于探测器找出的每一个日志文件，Filebeat启动收割进程（harvester），每一个收割进程读取一个日志文件的新内容，并发送这些新的日志数据到处理程序（spooler），处理程序会集合这些事件，最后Filebeat会发送集合的数据到你指定的地点。

官网简介：https://www.elastic.co/products/beats/filebeat

二，操作步骤

1，Filebeat下载与安装

首先，登录待接管日志的CVM，在CVM上下载Filebeat工具：

[root@VM_3_7_centos ~]#cd/opt/[root@VM_3_7_centos opt]#lltotal4drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Sep72017rh[root@VM_3_7_centos opt]#wgethttps://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm--2018-12-1020:24:26--https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpmResolvingartifacts.elastic.co(artifacts.elastic.co)...107.21.202.15,107.21.127.184,54.225.214.74, ...Connectingtoartifacts.elastic.co(artifacts.elastic.co)|107.21.202.15|:443...connected.HTTPrequestsent,awaitingresponse...200OKLength:12697788(12M)[binary/octet-stream]Savingto: ‘filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm’100%[=================================================================================================>]12,697,788160KB/sin1m41s2018-12-1020:26:08(123KB/s)-‘filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm’saved[12697788/12697788]

然后，进行安装filebeat：

[root@VM_3_7_centosopt]# rpm -vi filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpmwarning: filebeat-6.2.2-x86_64.rpm: Header V4RSA/SHA512Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEYPreparing packages...filebeat-6.2.2-1.x86_64[root@VM_3_7_centosopt]#

至此，Filebeat安装完成。

2，Filebeat配置

进入Filebeat配置文件目录：/etc/filebeat/

[root@VM_3_7_centos opt]# cd /etc/filebeat/[root@VM_3_7_centos filebeat]# lltotal 108-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44384 Feb 17 2018 fields.yml-rw-r----- 1 root root 52193 Feb 17 2018 filebeat.reference.yml-rw------- 1 root root 7264 Feb 17 2018 filebeat.ymldrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 10 20:35 modules.d[root@VM_3_7_centos filebeat]#

其中，filebeat.yml就是我们需要修改的配置文件。建议修改配置前，先备份此文件。

然后，确认需要对接ElasticSearch的Linux的日志目录，我们以下图（/var/log/secure）为例。

/var/log/secure日志文件

使用vim打开/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml文件，修改其中的：

1）Filebeat prospectors类目中，enable默认为false，我们要改为true

2）paths，默认为/var/log/*.log，我们要改为待接管的日志路径：/var/log/secure

3）Outputs类目中，有ElasticSearchoutput配置，其中hosts默认为"localhost:9200"，需要我们手工修改为上面申请的ES子网地址和端口，即"10.0.3.8:9200"。

修改好上述内容后，保存退出。

修改好的配置文件全文如下：

[root@VM_3_7_centos /]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml[root@VM_3_7_centos /]# cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml###################### Filebeat Configuration Example ########################## This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.## You can find the full configuration reference here:# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample# configuration file.#=========================== Filebeat prospectors =============================filebeat.prospectors:#Each - is a prospector. Most options can besetat the prospector level, so#you can use different prospectorsforvarious configurations.# Below are the prospector specific configurations.- type: log #Change totruetoenablethis prospector configuration.enabled: true # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.paths: - /var/log/secure #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\* # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #exclude_lines: ['^DBG'] # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are # matching any regular expression from the list. #include_lines: ['^ERR','^WARN'] # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped. #exclude_files: ['.gz$'] # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked #to add additional information to the crawledlogfilesforfiltering #fields: # level: debug # review: 1 ### Multiline options #Mutiline can be usedforlogmessages spanning multiple lines. This is common #forJava Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [ #multiline.pattern: ^\[ #Definesifthe patternsetunder pattern should be negated or not. Default isfalse. #multiline.negate:false #Match can besetto"after"or"before". It is used to defineiflines should be append to a pattern # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate. #Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to nextinLogstash #multiline.match: after#============================= Filebeat modules ===============================filebeat.config.modules: #Glob patternforconfiguration loadingpath: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml #Set totruetoenableconfig reloadingreload.enabled: false #Period onwhichfiles under path should be checkedforchanges #reload.period: 10s#==================== Elasticsearch template setting ==========================setup.template.settings: index.number_of_shards: 3 #index.codec: best_compression #_source.enabled:false#================================ General =====================================# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group#all the transactions sent by a single shipperinthe web interface.#name:#The tags of the shipper are includedintheir own field with each# transaction published.#tags: ["service-X","web-tier"]# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the# output.#fields:# env: staging#============================== Dashboards =====================================# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the#options here, or by using the `-setup` CLI flag or the `setup`command.#setup.dashboards.enabled:false#The URL fromwhereto download the dashboards archive. By default this URL#has a valuewhichis computed based on the Beat name and version. For released# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co# website.#setup.dashboards.url:#============================== Kibana =====================================# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.setup.kibana: # Kibana Host #Scheme and port can be left out and will besetto the default (http and 5601) #Incaseyou specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601 #host:"localhost:5601"#============================= Elastic Cloud ==================================# These settings simplify using filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and# `setup.kibana.host` options.#You can find the `cloud.id`inthe Elastic Cloud web UI.#cloud.id:# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.#cloud.auth:#================================ Outputs =====================================# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------output.elasticsearch: # Array of hosts to connect to.hosts: ["10.0.3.8:9200"] # Optional protocol and basic auth credentials. #protocol:"https" #username:"elastic" #password:"changeme"#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------#output.logstash: # The Logstash hosts #hosts: ["localhost:5044"] # Optional SSL. By default is off. #List of root certificatesforHTTPS server verifications #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"] #CertificateforSSL client authentication #ssl.certificate:"/etc/pki/client/cert.pem" # Client Certificate Key #ssl.key:"/etc/pki/client/cert.key"#================================ Logging =====================================#Setsloglevel. The defaultloglevel is info.#Availableloglevels are: error, warning, info, debug#logging.level: debug#At debug level, you can selectivelyenablelogging onlyforsome components.#Toenableall selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are"beat",#"publish","service".#logging.selectors: ["*"]#============================== Xpack Monitoring ===============================#filebeat canexportinternal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring#cluster. This requires xpack monitoring to be enabledinElasticsearch. The# reporting is disabled by default.#Set totruetoenablethe monitoring reporter.#xpack.monitoring.enabled:false# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the#Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well. Any setting that is notsetis#automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch output configuration, soifyou# have the Elasticsearch output configured, you can simply uncomment the# following line.#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch:[root@VM_3_7_centos /]#

执行下列命令启动filebeat

[root@VM_3_7_centos/]# sudo /etc/init.d/filebeat startStarting filebeat (via systemctl): [ OK ][root@VM_3_7_centos/]#

3，Kibana配置

进入ElasticSearch对应的Kibana管理页，如下图。