很简单的设计,就是450K甲基化芯片:DCIS (n=40) and adjacent normal (n=15) ,另外的信息技术:Among 40 DCIS cases 13 later developed invasive disease
实验结论很清晰:This work contributes to the understanding of epigenetic alterations that occur in DCIS and illustrates the potential of DNA methylation as markers of DCIS progression.
文章包括:
DNA methylation in ductal carcinoma in situ related with future development of invasive breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015;7:75. PMID: 26213588
Concordance of DNA methylation profiles between breast core biopsy and surgical excision specimens containing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Exp Mol Pathol 2017 Aug;103(1):78-83. PMID: 28711544
Genome-wide characterization of cytosine-specific 5-hydroxymethylation in normal breast tissue. Epigenetics 2020 Apr;15(4):398-418. PMID: 31842685
第一篇文献是:Front. Genet., 12 October 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00469
文章标题:Identification of Candidate Biomarkers Correlated With the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
纳入4个数据集:(GSE18842, GSE19804, GSE43458, and GSE62113)
13 later developed invasive disease VS 27 other DCIS
13 later developed invasive disease VS adjacent normal (n=15)
每个甲基化差异比较都需要标准5个图表
甲基化芯片的差异分析的标准图表来源于参考文献《Inflammatory cytokines shape a changing DNA methylome in monocytes mirroring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis》:
(D) DNA methylation heatmap of CD15-CD33+CD11b+ cells isolated from RA and HD peripheral blood. The heatmap includes all CpG- containing probes displaying significant methylation changes (FDR<0.05). A scale is shown at the bottom ranging from −4 (lower DNA methylation levels, blue) to +4 (higher methylation levels, red).
(E) Representation of selected gene ontology categories obtained from the analysis of differentialy methylated CpG sites comparing HD and RA samples using Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool.
(F) Beta values showing methylation of individual CpGs in both the hypermethylated and the hypomethylated CpG sets. A schematic representation of each gene is depicted. Arrows refer to TSS and transcription direction (in red the analysed CpGs location).
(G) Analysis of differentially variable positions identified with iEVORA algorithm. Significant DVPs are those with a t-test value <0.01 and an adjusted Bartlett test value <0.01.
(H) DNA methylation plot of selected genes displaying DNA methylation variability in HD and RA group of samples. Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001; n.s., not significant). DVP, differentially variable position; FDR, false discovery rate; HD, healthy donor; n.s., not significant; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TSS, transcriptional start site.