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Spring Boot 微服务上容器平台的最佳实践 - 3

东风微鸣

发布于 2022-04-21 06:00:26

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文章被收录于专栏：东风微鸣技术博客东风微鸣技术博客

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代码可运行

前言

今天开始第二篇, 主要介绍下 Zipkin + MySQL部署到容器平台上.

项目克隆

GitHub 仓库地址源码在这里. 先下载下来.

$ git clone https://github.com/RHsyseng/spring-boot-msa-ocp.git LambdaAir

然后进入项目目录: cd LambdaAir

几个前提

共享存储. 这个Demo 应用会用到NFS, K8S(或OpenShift)上得有NFS的PV, 且空间充足(至少5G). 共享存储用于:
1. zpikin的mysql数据存储;
2. zuul的动态proxy脚本挂载.
K8S (或OpenShift) 得有充足的权限. 至少得拥有以下权限:
1. 创建NameSpace(或OpenShift的Project)
2. 创建PVC
3. 创建Service
4. 创建 Deployment
5. 创建 Ingress(或OpenShift的 Route)
6. 创建和挂载 ConfigMap
7. 创建Secret

**创建 NameSpace(或Project)**

$ oc new-project lambdaair --display-name="Lambda Air" --description="Spring Boot Microservices on Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform"
Now using project "lambdaair" on server "https://ocp-master1.xxx.example.com:8443".

部署ZipKin

概述

全部步骤拆分如下:

创建secret - 存储数据库账号密码等机要信息
创建 PVC - zipkin-mysql, 用于申请存储资源, 存放mysql 持久化数据;
创建 configmap - zipkin-mysql-cnf, 用于挂载mysql的配置;
创建 configmap - zipkin-mysql-initdb, 用于挂载mysql 初始化脚本;
创建 deploymentconfig - zipkin-mysql, 用于对zipkin-mysql 的初始化, deployemnt及副本数进行管理.
创建 service - zipkin-mysql, 用于在集群内提供 zipkin的mysql 服务. zipkin通过这个service连接到mysql.
创建 deploymentconfig - zipkin. 用于对zipkin的build和deployment以及副本数等进行管理;
创建 service - zipkin. 用于在集群内提供zipkin 服务;
创建 route - zipkin , 用于连接service - zipkin, 使得用户可以通过域名访问zipkin.

创建 MySQL 数据库

上面的步骤中, 与创建MySQL 数据库有关的步骤有1-6步. 说明如下:

创建账号密码等信息;
申请持久化存储;
创建MySQL 配置;
创建MySQL 初始化脚本;
创建MySQL实例. 会用到
1. 账号密码
2. 持久化存储
3. MySQL启动后会执行初始化脚本
创建MySQL服务, 供集群内(项目内)使用.

创建 Secret

zipkin-mysql-secret.yml文件如下:

kind: Secret
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: zipkin-mysql
  namespace: lambdaair
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql  
data:
  database-password: your-password
  database-root-password: root-password
  database-user: normaluser

使用oc或kubectl创建:

# 先切换到 lambdaair project(后续都在这个项目里, 不在赘述)
$ oc project lambdaair
# 创建 secret
$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-secret.yml
# 查看创建结果
$ oc get secret
NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
zipkin-mysql               Opaque                                3      2d5h

创建 PVC

Zipkin使用MySQL数据库进行存储，这反过来又需要创建一个OpenShift 共享存储。假定已经有了:

$ oc get pv
NAME                  CAPACITY   ACCESSMODES   RECLAIMPOLICY   STATUS      CLAIM                           REASON    AGE
zipkin-mysql-data     1Gi        RWO           Recycle         Available     1m

zipkin-mysql-pvc.yml 内容如下:

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: zipkin-mysql
  namespace: lambdaair
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql  
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

创建:

$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-pvc.yml
$ oc get pvc
NAME           STATUS   VOLUME              CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
zipkin-mysql   Bound    zipkin-mysql-data   1Gi        RWO                           2d5h

创建 ConfigMap

创建 MySQL 配置的ConfigMap

zipkin-mysql-cnf.yml

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: zipkin-mysql-cnf
  namespace: lambdaair
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql  
data:
  custom.cnf: |
    [mysqld]
    sql-mode=""

其实就是示范下, 没配置啥. 接下来创建:

$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-cnf.yml
$ oc get configmap
NAME                  DATA   AGE
zipkin-mysql-cnf      1      2d5h

创建 MySQL 初始化脚本的ConfigMap

zipkin-mysql-initdb.yml

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: zipkin-mysql-initdb
  namespace: lambdaair
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql  
data:
  init.sql: >
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
      `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
      `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
      `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
      `parent_id` BIGINT,
      `debug` BIT(1),
      `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
      `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;


    ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore
    insert on duplicate';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining
    with zipkin_annotations';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and
    getSpanNames';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces
    ordering and range';


    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
      `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
      `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
      `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
      `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
      `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
      `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
      `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
      `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
      `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
      `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;


    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id`, `span_id`,
    `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for
    joining with zipkin_spans';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`) COMMENT 'for
    getTraces/ByIds';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT
    'for getTraces and getServiceNames';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';

    ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';


    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
      `day` DATE NOT NULL,
      `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
      `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
      `call_count` BIGINT
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;


    ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);

创建:

$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-initdb.yml
$ oc get configmap
NAME                  DATA   AGE
zipkin-mysql-cnf      1      2d5h
zipkin-mysql-initdb   1      2d5h

创建 MySQL的 DeploymentConfig

zipkin-mysql-deploymentconfig.yml

📓 备注: DeploymentConfig 这个resource是OpenShift特有的. 基于K8S的ReplicationControllers, 增加了对软件开发和部署生命周期的扩展支持. 最简单的情况, DeploymentConifg就是创建一个新的ReplicationController并启动pod. 但是, 它确实增加了一些新功能, 提供了从镜像的现有部署过渡到新镜像的功能, 并且还定义了在创建ReplicationController之前或之后运行的Hook. (mysql初始化sql就是利用这个功能) 还提供以下功能:

DeploymentConfig，这是用于运行应用程序的模板。
触发驱动自动部署以响应事件的触发器(trigger)。
用户可定制的部署策略，以从先前版本过渡到新版本。策略在通常称为部署过程的Pod中运行。
一组hooks（lifecycle hooks），用于在部署的生命周期中的不同点执行自定义行为。
应用程序的版本控制，以便在部署失败的情况下手动或自动支持回滚。
手动副本缩放和自动缩放。

kind: DeploymentConfig
apiVersion: apps.openshift.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  name: zipkin-mysql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    name: zipkin-mysql
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
    recreateParams:
      post:
        failurePolicy: Abort
        execNewPod:
          containerName: mysql
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - hostname && sleep 10 && /opt/rh/rh-mysql57/root/usr/bin/mysql -h $DATABASE_SERVICE_NAME -u $MYSQL_USER -D $MYSQL_DATABASE -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -P 3306 < /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql && echo Initialized database
          env:
            - name: DATABASE_SERVICE_NAME
              value: zipkin-mysql
          volumes:
            - mysql-init-script
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: zipkin-mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: MYSQL_USER
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  key: database-user
                  name: zipkin-mysql
            - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  key: database-password
                  name: zipkin-mysql
            - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  key: database-root-password
                  name: zipkin-mysql
            - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
              value: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
          image: " "
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          livenessProbe:
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            tcpSocket:
              port: 3306
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          name: mysql
          ports:
            - containerPort: 3306
          readinessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
                - /bin/sh
                - -i
                - -c
                - MYSQL_PWD="$MYSQL_PASSWORD" mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u $MYSQL_USER -D $MYSQL_DATABASE
                  -e 'SELECT 1'
            initialDelaySeconds: 5
            timeoutSeconds: 1
          resources:
            limits:
              memory: 512Mi
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql/data
              name: zipkin-mysql-data
            - mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
              name: mysql-init-script
            - mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/
              name: mysql-confd
      volumes:
        - name: zipkin-mysql-data
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: zipkin-mysql
        - configMap:
            name: zipkin-mysql-initdb
          name: mysql-init-script
        - configMap:
            name: zipkin-mysql-cnf
          name: mysql-confd
  triggers:
    - imageChangeParams:
        automatic: true
        containerNames:
          - mysql
        from:
          kind: ImageStreamTag
          name: mysql:5.7
          namespace: openshift
      type: ImageChange
    - type: ConfigChange

这个用到了RedHat提供的mysql:5.7的镜像.

创建:

$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-deploymentconfig.yml
$ watch oc get pods
Every 2.0s: oc get pods                                                      
Fri Jul 21 02:04:15 2017
NAME                    READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
zipkin-mysql-1-deploy   1/1   Running             0          2m
zipkin-mysql-1-tv2v1    0/1   ContainerCreating   0          1m

完成部署过程可能需要几分钟，此时应该有1个pod处于Running状态

$ oc get pods
NAME                   READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
zipkin-mysql-1-g44s7   1/1       Running   0          4m

创建 MySQL 的 Service

zipkin-mysql-svc.yml:

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: zipkin-mysql
  namespace: lambdaair
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql
spec:
  ports:
    - name: mysql
      port: 3306
  selector:
    name: zipkin-mysql

创建并查看:

$ oc create -f zipkin-mysql-svc.yml
$ oc get svc
NAME           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
zipkin-mysql   ClusterIP   172.30.241.12   <none>        3306/TCP   2d7h

这样, zipkin就可以通过 service 来调用mysql了.

创建 Zpikin 应用实例并对外提供服务

上面的步骤中, 与创建MySQL 数据库有关的步骤有7-9步. 说明如下:

创建zipkin实例, 会链接到数据库. 这时候, 集群内外都无法访问该实例, 只能在容器内使用;
创建zipkin service, 此时, zipkin可以供集群内使用.
创建zipkin route, 连接到zipkin service, 此时, zipkin可以通过域名被用户访问到.

创建 ZipKin的 DeploymentConfig

接下来就是重头戏了! 创建Zipkin的运行实例, 并连接数据库. zpikin-deploymentconfig.yml:

kind: DeploymentConfig
metadata:
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  name: zipkin
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        project: zipkin-mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: STORAGE_PORT_9042_TCP_ADDR
              value: zipkin-cassandra:9411
            - name: STORAGE_PORT_3306_TCP_ADDR
              value: zipkin-mysql:3306
            - name: MYSQL_USER
              value: normaluser
            - name: MYSQL_PASS
              value: your-password
            - name: STORAGE_TYPE
              value: mysql
            - name: TRANSPORT_TYPE
              value: http
            - name: KUBERNETES_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          image: openzipkin/zipkin:1.19.2
          name: zipkin
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /api/v1/services
              port: 9411
            initialDelaySeconds: 5
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: "3"
              memory: "1600Mi"
            requests:
              cpu: "200m"
              memory: "200Mi"
  triggers:
    - type: ConfigChange

创建并查看进度:

$ oc create -f zpikin-deploymentconfig.yml
$ $ watch oc get pods
Every 2.0s: oc get pods                                                      
Fri Jul 21 02:04:15 2017
NAME                    READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
zipkin-1-deploy         1/1   Running             0          2m
zipkin-1-sclgl          0/1   Running             0          2m

可能要花费几分钟, 几分钟后再查看, 处于Running状态显示如下:

$ oc get pods
NAME                   READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
zipkin-1-k0dv6         1/1       Running   0          5m

这样实例就创建好了.

创建 Zpikin 的 Service

zipkin-svc.yml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  name: zipkin
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9411
  selector:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  type: LoadBalancer

创建并查看:

$ oc create -f zipkin-svc.yaml
$ oc get svc
NAME     TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
zipkin   LoadBalancer   172.30.140.146   <pending>     80:32395/TCP   2d7h

容器内的端口是9411, service的对应端口是80. 类型是LoadBalancer. 这里Service就是提供了2个功能:

服务注册和发现;
负载均衡

创建 Zipkin 的 Route

zpikin-route.yml

apiVersion: route.openshift.io/v1
kind: Route
metadata:
  labels:
    project: zipkin-mysql
  name: zipkin
spec:
  port:
    targetPort: 9411
  to:
    kind: Service
    name: zipkin

创建并查看:

$ oc create -f zpikin-route.yml
$ oc get route
NAME           HOST/PORT                                              PATH   SERVICES       PORT   TERMINATION   WILDCARD
zipkin         zipkin-lambdaair.apps.cce-test.ccic-net.com.cn                zipkin         9411                 None

使用显示的URL从浏览器访问控制台，并验证其工作正常: 🎉🎉🎉

小结

至此, zipkin + mysql 部署完成. 完成后, 拓扑如下:

mysql容器上只支持单节点. 如果上生产的话建议还是部署在容器外. zipkin的话, 就可以随意的扩展和调整, 点击如下的向上箭头, 加多少个pod都可以, 因为配置了Liveness 和Readiness Probe, K8S会在Readiness Probe探测ok后, 自动将Service的流量LoadBalance到后端的新增和现有的pod. 同时指向service的route实际上也是由后边的多个pod来承载. 更近一步, 可以通过配置HPA来自动根据CPU, 内存等阈值来自动扩缩容量. 这就是K8S的一大优势 -- 一键秒级扩容, 甚至自动扩容! 💪💪💪