NIO简述

ByteBuffer byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
IntBuffer intBuf = IntBuffer.allocate(1024);
LongBuffer longBuf = LongBuffer.allocate(1024);

public static ByteBuffer  wrap(byte[] array)

//  put 方法需要注意不能超过 Buffer 的 capacity

// 填充一个 byte 值
public abstract ByteBuffer put(byte b);
// 在指定位置填充一个 int 值
public abstract ByteBuffer put(int index, byte b);
// 将一个数组中的值填充进去
public final ByteBuffer put(byte[] src) {...}
public ByteBuffer put(byte[] src, int offset, int length) {...}


// 从外部(文件或网络)中读取 Buffer 大小的数据
int num = channel.read(buf);

// flip 方法
public final Buffer flip() {
    limit = position; // 将 limit 设置为实际写入的数据数量
    position = 0; // 重置 position 为 0
    mark = -1; // mark 之后再说
    return this;
}

// 根据 position 来获取数据
public abstract byte get();
// 获取指定位置的数据
public abstract byte get(int index);
// 将 Buffer 中的数据写入到数组中
public ByteBuffer get(byte[] dst)

// 网 channel 中写入 buffer 大小的数据
int num = channel.write(buf);

public final Buffer mark() {
    mark = position;
    return this;
}

public final Buffer reset() {
    int m = mark;
    if (m < 0)
        throw new InvalidMarkException();
    position = m;
    return this;
}

public final Buffer rewind() {
    position = 0;
    mark = -1;
    return this;
}

public final Buffer clear() {
    position = 0;
    limit = capacity;
    mark = -1;
    return this;
}

// inputstream
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("/data.txt"));
FileChannel fileChannel = inputStream.getChannel();

// RandomAccessFile
FileChannel fileChannel = new RandomAccessFile(new File("/data.txt"), "rw").getChannel();

ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
// 读取数据到 buffer
int num = fileChannel.read(buffer);

// 写入文件
// Buffer 切换为读模式
buffer.flip();
while(buffer.hasRemaining()) {
    // 将 Buffer 中的内容写入文件
    fileChannel.write(buffer);
}

// 读取数据
socketChannel.read(buffer);

// 写入数据到网络连接中
while(buffer.hasRemaining()) {
    socketChannel.write(buffer);   
}

// 实例化
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 监听 8080 端口
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));

while (true) {
    // 一旦有一个 TCP 连接进来，就对应创建一个 SocketChannel 进行处理
    SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
}

DatagramChannel channel = DatagramChannel.open();
channel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(9090));
// 接收数据
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(48);
channel.receive(buf);

String data = "hello world";

ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(11);
buf.put(newData.getBytes());
buf.flip();
int bytesSent = channel.send(buf, new InetSocketAddress("jenkov.com", 80));

Selector selector = Selector.open();
channel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey key = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE

public class NioEchoServer {
    private static final int BUF_SIZE = 256;
    private static final int TIMEOUT = 3000;

    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
        // 打开服务端 Socket
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();

        // 打开 Selector
        Selector selector = Selector.open();

        // 服务端 Socket 监听8080端口, 并配置为非阻塞模式
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

        // 将 channel 注册到 selector 中.
        // 通常我们都是先注册一个 OP_ACCEPT 事件, 然后在 OP_ACCEPT 到来时, 再将这个 Channel 的 OP_READ
        // 注册到 Selector 中.
        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        while (true) {
            // 通过调用 select 方法, 阻塞地等待 channel I/O 可操作
            if (selector.select(TIMEOUT) == 0) {
                System.out.print(".");
                continue;
            }

            // 获取 I/O 操作就绪的 SelectionKey, 通过 SelectionKey 可以知道哪些 Channel 的哪类 I/O 操作已经就绪.
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();

            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {

                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();

                // 当获取一个 SelectionKey 后, 就要将它删除, 表示我们已经对这个 IO 事件进行了处理.
                keyIterator.remove();

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    // 当 OP_ACCEPT 事件到来时, 我们就有从 ServerSocketChannel 中获取一个 SocketChannel,
                    // 代表客户端的连接
                    // 注意, 在 OP_ACCEPT 事件中, 从 key.channel() 返回的 Channel 是 ServerSocketChannel.
                    // 而在 OP_WRITE 和 OP_READ 中, 从 key.channel() 返回的是 SocketChannel.
                    SocketChannel clientChannel = ((ServerSocketChannel) key.channel()).accept();
                    clientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    //在 OP_ACCEPT 到来时, 再将这个 Channel 的 OP_READ 注册到 Selector 中.
                    // 注意, 这里我们如果没有设置 OP_READ 的话, 即 interest set 仍然是 OP_CONNECT 的话, 那么 select 方法会一直直接返回.
                    clientChannel.register(key.selector(), OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(BUF_SIZE));
                }

                if (key.isReadable()) {
                    SocketChannel clientChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    ByteBuffer buf = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
                    long bytesRead = clientChannel.read(buf);
                    if (bytesRead == -1) {
                        clientChannel.close();
                    } else if (bytesRead > 0) {
                        key.interestOps(OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                        System.out.println("Get data length: " + bytesRead);
                    }
                }

                if (key.isValid() && key.isWritable()) {
                    ByteBuffer buf = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
                    buf.flip();
                    SocketChannel clientChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();

                    clientChannel.write(buf);

                    if (!buf.hasRemaining()) {
                        key.interestOps(OP_READ);
                    }
                    buf.compact();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

int interestSet = selectionKey.interestOps();

boolean isInterestedInAccept  = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT;
boolean isInterestedInConnect = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
boolean isInterestedInRead    = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_READ;
boolean isInterestedInWrite   = interestSet & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;    

int readySet = selectionKey.readyOps();

selectionKey.isAcceptable();
selectionKey.isConnectable();
selectionKey.isReadable();
selectionKey.isWritable();

Channel  channel  = selectionKey.channel();
Selector selector = selectionKey.selector();  

selectionKey.attach(theObject);
Object attachedObj = selectionKey.attachment();

SelectionKey key = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, theObject);