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R语言ggplot2做漂亮的抖动散点图（geom_jitter）的一个实例

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发布于 2021-12-09 04:40:01

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文章被收录于专栏：小明的数据分析笔记本小明的数据分析笔记本

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在网上偶然间发现的一个R语言ggplot2做数据可视化的实例，提供数据和代码，今天的推文把代码拆解一下

实例数据下载链接

https://www.kaggle.com/berkeleyearth/climate-change-earth-surface-temperature-data?select=GlobalLandTemperaturesByCountry.csv

下载这个数据需要注册kaggle

代码链接

https://github.com/cnicault/30DayChartChallenge/blob/main/day12/day12_strips.Rmd

结果图

image.png

这个图展示的是法国1980年前后的温度差异，数据里提供很多个国家的数据，可以自己更改成其他国家的数据试试

首先是读取数据

这里接触了两个新的R包

vroom
here

climate <- vroom::vroom(here::here("GlobalLandTemperaturesByCountry.csv"))

关于lubridate包中的函数的一些用法

lubridate::year("1743-11-01")
lubridate::month("1743-11-01")
lubridate::month("1743-11-01",label = T)
lubridate::month("1743-11-01",label = F)
lubridate::day("1743-11-01")

构建作图的数据集

library(tidyverse)
monthly <- climate %>%
  filter(Country == "France", !is.na(AverageTemperature)) %>%
  mutate(year = lubridate::year(dt),
         month = lubridate::month(dt, label = TRUE),
         pos = lubridate::month(dt, label = FALSE),
         color = ifelse(year > 1980, "Recent", "Past")) %>%
  filter(year >=1900)

他这里先做了一个空白的热图

注释里写的是为了得到一个矩形的图例

library(ggplot2)
ggplot() +
  # empty tile to get a legend with rectangle key
  geom_tile(data = monthly, 
            aes(x = 0, y =0, width =0, 
                height = 0, fill = color))

image.png

接下来是添加线段

seg <- tibble(x = c(0, 0, 10, 0, 9, 3, 8, 5, 6),
              xend = c(12.5, 3, 12.5, 5, 12.5, 6, 11, 10, 8),
              y = c(0, 5, 5, 10, 10, 15, 15, 20, 25),
              yend = c(0, 5, 5, 10, 10, 15, 15, 20, 25))

ggplot() +
  # empty tile to get a legend with rectangle key
  geom_tile(data = monthly, 
            aes(x = 0, y =0, 
                width =0, 
                height = 0, 
                fill = color)) +
  # y-axis
  geom_segment(data = seg, 
               aes(x = x, xend = xend,
                   y = y, yend = yend), 
               color = "red", 
               linetype = "12")

image.png

添加文本注释

seg_lab <- tibble(x = c(0, 0, 0, 3, 5, 6),
                  y = seq(0,25, 5))
ggplot() +
  # empty tile to get a legend with rectangle key
  geom_tile(data = monthly, 
            aes(x = 0, y =0, 
                width =0, 
                height = 0, 
                fill = color)) +
  # y-axis
  geom_segment(data = seg, 
               aes(x = x, xend = xend,
                   y = y, yend = yend), 
               color = "black", linetype = "12") +
  geom_text(data = seg_lab, aes(x = x, y = y, 
                                label = glue::glue("{y} °C")), 
            color = "black", nudge_y = 1, 
            family = "serif", hjust = 0)

image.png

添加抖动的散点

ggplot() +
  # empty tile to get a legend with rectangle key
  geom_tile(data = monthly, 
            aes(x = 0, y =0, 
                width =0, 
                height = 0, 
                fill = color)) +
  # y-axis
  geom_segment(data = seg, 
               aes(x = x, xend = xend, 
                   y = y, yend = yend), 
               color = "white", 
               linetype = "12") +
  geom_text(data = seg_lab, 
            aes(x = x, y = y, 
                label = glue::glue("{y} °C")), 
            color = "white", nudge_y = 1, 
            family = "serif", hjust = 0) +
  # show.legend = FALSE to remove the shape of the point in the legend
  geom_jitter(data = filter(monthly, color == "Recent"), 
              aes(x = pos+0.2, y = AverageTemperature, 
                  fill = color), width = 0.15,
              height =0, size = 3, shape = 21, 
              stroke = 0.3, color = "#FFDADC", 
              show.legend = FALSE) +
  geom_jitter(data = filter(monthly, color == "Past"), 
              aes(x = pos-0.2, y = AverageTemperature, 
                  fill = color), width = 0.15,
              height =0, size = 2.5, shape = 21, 
              stroke = 0.3, color = "#93E2F5", 
              show.legend = FALSE)

image.png

接下来就是对细节的调整了

axis_labels <- tibble(month = lubridate::month(seq(1,12,1), 
                                               label = TRUE),
                      pos = seq(1,12,1))



txt_clr <- "white"
pal1 <- c("#105182", "#1a7bc5", "#42a2f1", "#E9F1F2", "#ff9193", "#f1434a", "#c91022", "#8d0613", "#4D030A")



monthly_plt <- ggplot() +
  # empty tile to get a legend with rectangle key
  geom_tile(data = monthly, 
            aes(x = 0, y =0, 
                width =0, height = 0, 
                fill = color)) +
  # y-axis
  geom_segment(data = seg, 
               aes(x = x, xend = xend, 
                   y = y, yend = yend), 
               color = "white", linetype = "12") +
  geom_text(data = seg_lab, 
            aes(x = x, y = y, label = glue::glue("{y} °C")), 
            color = "white", nudge_y = 1, 
            family = "serif", hjust = 0) +
  # show.legend = FALSE to remove the shape of the point in the legend
  geom_jitter(data = filter(monthly, color == "Recent"), 
              aes(x = pos+0.2, y = AverageTemperature, fill = color), 
              width = 0.15, height =0, size = 3, 
              shape = 21, stroke = 0.3, color = "#FFDADC", show.legend = FALSE) +
  geom_jitter(data = filter(monthly, color == "Past"), 
              aes(x = pos-0.2, y = AverageTemperature, fill = color), 
              width = 0.15, height =0, size = 2.5, 
              shape = 21, stroke = 0.3, color = "#93E2F5", 
              show.legend = FALSE) +
  # x-axis labels
  geom_text(data = axis_labels, 
            aes(x = pos, y = -2, label = month), 
            color = "white", vjust = 0, 
            angle = 90, size = 5, family = "serif")+
  # scales
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("Recent" = "#f1434a", "Past" = "#1a7bc5"), 
                    labels = c("Recent" = "> 1980", "Past" = "<= 1980")) +
  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(-4,26), 
                     breaks = seq(0,25,5)) +
  labs(fill = "Observations") +
  theme_void() +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(label.position = "top",
                             title.hjust = 0.5,
                             keyheight = unit(1, "line"),
                             keywidth = unit(4, "line"),
                             nrow = 1),
         color = FALSE) +
  theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "grey40", color = NA),
        legend.position = c(0.13, 0.85),
        legend.text = element_text(face = "bold", 
                                   size = 12, color = txt_clr),
        legend.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 14, color = txt_clr))

monthly_plt