非常经典的一些日常醒脑练习内容!! 如有更高效的写法欢迎赐教!
1.已知Oracle的Scott用户中提供了三个测试数据库表,名称分别为dept,emp和salgrade。使用SQL语言完成以下操作
1)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(单表查询):
a)查询20号部门的所有员工信息:
select * from emp e where e.deptno=20;
b)查询奖金(COMM)高于工资(SAL)的员工信息:
select * from emp where comm>sal;
c)查询奖金高于工资的20%的员工信息:
select * from emp where comm>sal*0.2;
d)查询10号部门中工种为MANAGER和20号部门中工种为CLERK的员工的信息:
select * from emp e
where (e.deptno=10 and e.job='MANAGER')
or (e.deptno=20 and e.job='CLERK') ;
e)查询所有工种不是MANAGER和CLERK,且工资大于或等于2000的员工的详细信息:
select * from emp
where job not in('MANAGER','CLERK') and sal>=2000;
f)查询没有奖金或奖金低于100的员工信息:
select * from emp where comm is null or comm<100;
g)查询员工工龄大于或等于10年的员工信息:
select * from emp where (sysdate-hiredate)/365>=10;
h)查询员工信息,要求以首字母大写的方式显示所有员工的姓名:
第一种写法:
select initcap(ename) from emp;
第二种写法:
select upper(substr(ename,1,1))||lower(substr(ename,2)) from emp;
i)查询在2月份入职的所有员工信息:
select * from emp where to_char(hiredate,'MM')='02';
j)显示所有员工的姓名、入职的年份和月份,按入职日期所在的月份排序,若月份相同则按入职的年份排序:
select ename,to_char(hiredate,'yyyy') year,to_char(hiredate,'MM')
month
from emp
order by month,year;
k)查询'JONES'员工及所有其直接、间接下属员工的信息:
select e.* from emp e
start with ename='JONES'
connect by prior empno=mgr;
l)查询SCOTT员工及其直接、间接上级员工的信息:
select e.* from emp e
start with ename='SCOTT'
connect by prior mgr=empno;
2)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(多表查询):
a)查询从事同一种工作但不属于同一部门的员工信息:
select a.ename,a.job,a.deptno,b.ename,b.job,b.deptno
from emp a,emp b
where a.job=b.job and a.deptno<>b.deptno;
b)查询各个部门的详细信息以及部门人数、部门平均工资:
select d.deptno,count(e.empno),avg(e.sal),d.dname,d.loc
from emp e ,dept d
where e.deptno=d.deptno
group by d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc;
3)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(嵌套子查询):
a)查询10号部门员工以及领导的信息:
select * from emp where empno in(
select mgr from emp where deptno=10) or deptno=10;
b)查询工资为某个部门平均工资的员工信息:
select * from emp
where sal in(select avg(sal) from emp group by deptno);
c)查询工资高于本部门平均工资的员工的信息:
select * from emp e1
where sal >(select avg(sal) from emp e2 where e2.deptno=e1.deptno);
d)查询工资高于本部门平均工资的员工的信息及其部门的平均工资:
select e.*,a.avgsal
from emp e,
(select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) a where a.deptno=e.deptno and e.sal>a.avgsal;
4)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(聚合函数):
a)统计各个工种的人数与平均工资:
select count(*),e.job,avg(e.sal) from emp e
group by e.job;
b)统计每个部门中各个工种的人数与平均工资:
select deptno,job,count(empno),avg(sal) from emp e
group by e.deptno,e.job;
c)查询所有员工入职以来的工作期限,用“**年**月**日”的形式表示。
select e.ename,floor((sysdate-e.hiredate)/365)|| '年'|| floor(mod((sysdate-e.hiredate),365)/30) || '月'|| floor(mod(mod((sysdate-e.hiredate),365),30))|| '日'from emp e;
d)查询人数最多的部门信息:
select * from dept
where deptno in
(select deptno from
(select count(*) count,deptno from emp group by deptno)
where count in
(select max(count) from
(select count(*) count ,deptno from emp group by deptno)
)
);
e)以树状结构查询所有员工与领导之间的层次关系:
select substr(sys_connect_by_path(ename,'->'),3),level
from emp
start with mgr is null
connect by prior empno=mgr;
f)部门平均薪水最高的部门编号:
第一种方法:
select * from(
select avg(sal) avgsal,deptno
from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc)
where rownum=1;
第二种方法:
select deptno,avg(sal) from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=(
select max(avg(sal)) avgsal
from emp group by deptno)
g)部门平均薪水最高的部门名称:
select d.* from dept d where deptno
in(select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=
(select max(avg(sal)) avgsal from emp group by deptno))
h)平均薪水最低的部门的部门名称:
select d.* from dept d where deptno
in(select deptno from emp group by deptno having avg(sal)=
(select min(avg(sal)) avgsal from emp group by deptno))
i)平均薪水等级最低的部门的部门名称:
select d.dname from dept d
where d.deptno in (select a.deptno from
(select e.deptno from emp e,salgrade s
where (e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
group by e.deptno order by avg(s.grade)) a
where rownum=1);
j)部门经理人中,薪水最低的部门名称:
select dname from dept where deptno=
(select deptno from
(select deptno from emp where job='MANAGER' group by deptno
order by min(sal)) where rownum=1);
k)比普通员工的最高薪水还要高的经理人名称:
select ename from emp where sal>
(select max(sal) from emp where job not in
('MANAGER','PRESIDENT')) and job='MANAGER' or job='PRESIDENT';
5)试用SQL语言完成下列查询(嵌套子查询):
a)查询所有员工工资都大于1000的部门的信息:
select * from dept where deptno in
(select deptno from emp
where deptno not in
(select distinct deptno from emp where sal<1000));
b)查询所有员工工资都大于1000的部门的信息及其员工信息:
select * from emp e join dept d
on d.deptno
in (select deptno from emp
where deptno not in
(select distinct deptno from emp where sal<1000))
and d.deptno=e.deptno;
c)查询所有员工工资都在900~3000之间的部门的信息:
select * from dept
where deptno not in
(select deptno from emp
where sal not between 900 and 3000);
d)查询所有工资都在900~3000之间的员工所在部门的员工信息:
select * from emp a
where a.deptno in
(select distinct e.deptno from emp e
where e.sal between 900 and 3000);
e)查询每个员工的领导所在部门的信息:
select d.* from dept d
where d.deptno in
(select distinct e2.deptno from emp e1,emp e2
where e1.empno=e2.mgr);
f)查询30号部门中工资排序前3名的员工信息:
select * from
(select sal from emp where deptno=30 order by sal desc) e
where rownum<4
g)查询工作等级为2级,1985年以后入职的工作地点为DALLAS的员工编号、姓名和工资:
select e.ename,e.empno,e.sal from emp e,salgrade s,dept d
where (e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
and (s.grade=2)
and to_char(e.hiredate,'yyyy')>1985
and e.deptno=d.deptno
and d.loc='DALLAS';
6)用SQL语句完成下列操作:
a)将各部门员工的工资修改为该员工所在部门平均工资加1000:
update emp e set sal=
1000+(select avg(sal) from emp where deptno=e.deptno);
b)删除重复部门,只留下一项:
delete from dept d
where rowid<>
(select min(rowid) from dept where dname=d.dname and d.loc=loc);
c)更新员工工资为他的主管的工资,奖金:
第一种方法:
update emp e set sal=(select sal from emp where empno=e.mgr), comm=(select comm from emp where empno=e.mgr)
第二种方法:
update emp e set (sal,comm)=(select sal,comm from emp whereempno=e.mgr);
2.(可选题)某大学图书馆为了更好管理图书,使用Oracle数据库建立了三个表:
CARD 借书卡表: CNO(卡号),NAME (姓名),CLASS (班级);
BOOKS 图书表: BNO(书号),BNAME (书名), AUTHOR (作者),PRICE (单价),QUANTITY (库存册数);
BORROW 借书记录表: CNO (借书卡号),BNO (书号),RDATE (还书日期);
备注:限定每人每种书只能借一本;库存册数随借书、还书而改变。
1)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
a)写出建立BORROW表的SQL语句,要求定义主码完整性约束和引用完整性约束:
CREATE TABLE BORROW(
CNO NUMBER REFERENCES CARD(CNO),
BNO NUMBER REFERENCES BOOKS(BNO),
RDATE date,
PRIMARY KEY(CNO,BNO)
);
b)假定在建BOOKS表时没有定义主码,写出为BOOKS表追加定义主码的语句:
ALTER TABLE BOOKS ADD PRIMARY KEY(BNO) ;
c)将CARD 表的NAME最大列宽增加到10个字符(假定原为6个字符):
ALTER TABLE CARD MODIFY NAME varchar2(10) ;
d)为该表增加1列NAME(系名),可变长,最大20个字符:
ALTER TABLE CARD ADD 系名 varchar2(20) ;
2)试用SQL语言完成下列查询:
a)找出借书超过5本的读者,输出借书卡号及所借图书册数:
SELECT CNO, COUNT(*) FROM BORROW GROUP BY CNO HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
b)查询借阅了"水浒"一书的读者,输出姓名及班级:
SELECT NAME, CLASS FROM CARD WHERE CNO IN (SELECT CNO FROM BORROW BW, BOOKS BK WHERE BW.BNO=BK.BNO AND BK.BNAME='水浒') ;
c)查询过期未还图书,输出借阅者(卡号)、书号及还书日期:
SELECT * FROM BORROW WHERE RDATE<SYSDATE;
d)查询书名包括"网络"关键词的图书,输出书号、书名、作者:
SELECT BNO,BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS WHERE BNAME LIKE '%网络%';
e)查询现有图书中价格最高的图书,输出书名及作者:
SELECT BNAME,AUTHOR FROM BOOKS WHERE PRICE=(SELECT MAX(PRICE) FROM BOOKS) ;
f)查询当前借了"计算方法"但没有借"计算方法习题集"的读者,输出其借书卡号,并按卡号降序排序输出:
SELECT a.CNO FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME='计算方法' AND a.CNO NOT IN( SELECT aa.CNO FROM BORROW aa,BOOKS bb WHERE aa.BNO=bb.BNO AND bb.BNAME='计算方法习题集')ORDER BY a.CNO DESC;
g)查询当前同时借有"计算方法"和"组合数学"两本书的读者,输出其借书卡号,并按卡号升序排序输出:
SELECT DISTINCT a.CNO FROM BORROW a,BOOKS b WHERE a.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME IN('计算方法','组合数学') ORDER BY a.CNO;
3)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
a)将"C01"班同学所借图书的还期都延长一周:
UPDATE BORROW SET RDATE=RDATE+7 WHERE CNO IN (SELECT DISTINCT CNO FROM CARD WHERE CLASS='C01');
b)从BOOKS表中删除当前无人借阅的图书记录:
DELETE FROM BOOKS WHERE BNO NOT IN(SELECT DISTINCT BK.BNO FROM BORROW BR, BOOKS BK WHERE BR.BNO=BK.BNO);
4)试用SQL语言完成下列操作:
a)如果经常按书名查询图书信息,请建立合适的索引:
CREATE INDEX IDX_BOOKS_BNAME ON BOOKS(BNAME) ;
b)在BORROW表上建立一个触发器,完成如下功能:如果读者借阅的书名是"数据库技术及应用",就将该读者的借阅记录保存在BORROW_SAVE表中(注ORROW_SAVE表结构同BORROW表):
CREATE TRIGGER TR_SAVE ON BORROWFOR INSERT,UPDATEASIF @@ROWCOUNT>0 INSERT BORROW_SAVE SELECT i.*FROM INSERTED i,BOOKS b WHERE i.BNO=b.BNO AND b.BNAME=N'数据库技术及应用';
c)建立一个视图,显示"力01"班学生的借书信息(只要求显示姓名和书名):
CREATE VIEW V_VIEWASSELECT a.NAME,b.BNAMEFROM BORROW ab,CARD a,BOOKS bWHEREab.CNO=a.CNO AND ab.BNO=b.BNO AND a.CLASS=N'力01';
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